Gw9508

The human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC was obtained from Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea). The antibodies of p-Akt (Thr308), p-Akt (Ser473), Akt, mTOR, Caveolin-1, Flotillin-2, p-Tau (Ser396), Tau, p-NF-κB p65 (Ser536), NF-κB p65, Lamin A/C, CBP and β-actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The antibodies of p-mTOR (Ser2448), p-p70S6K1 (Thr389) and p70S6K1, were acquired from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Aβ, BACE1, HIF-1α and GPR40 antibodies were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). The C99 antibody was purchased from EMD Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). Horse radish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated IgG was obtained from Jackson Immunoresearch (West Groove, PA, USA). PA, BSA, GW9508, ionomycin, PF4708671, LY294002 and rapamycin were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). The Akt inhibitor, GW1100 and SN50 used here were purchased from Calbiochem (La Jolla, CA, USA). siRNAs for GPR40, GPR120, APP, BACE1, HIF-1α and non-targeting were obtained from Dharmacon (Lafayette, CO, USA).

Intranasal drug administration was conducted at 1 h, 25 h, and 49 h after GMH induction as described in (Zhang et al., 2017) [31 (link)]. A volume of 10 μl was administered of either 10% dimethyl sulfide (vehicle) or GW9508 (G9797, Sigma Aldrich, MO) at three different dosages (0.84 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, 7.5 mg/kg). The dosage of GW9508 was adapted from previous literature [32 (link)].