Auranofin

Staphylococcal clinical isolates were acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) or the Biodefense and Emerging Infections Research Resources Repository (BEI Resources, Manassas, VA, USA). Auranofin (Chem-Impex International, Wood Dale, IL, USA), clindamycin hydrochloride monohydrate (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Tokyo, Japan), and mupirocin (PanReac AppliChem ITW Reagents, Darmstadt, Germany) were purchased from commercial vendors and dissolved either in sterile water or in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to prepare stock 10 mg/mL solutions. Cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton broth (CA-MHB, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD, USA), Tryptic soy agar (TSA, Hardy Diagnostics, Santa Maria, CA, USA), Tryptic soy broth (TSB, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD, USA), mannitol salt agar (Hardy Diagnostics, Santa Maria, CA, USA), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Corning, Manassas, VA, USA), hydrochloric acid (HCl, Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), petroleum jelly, rare earth magnets (Magcraft, Vienna, VA, USA), betadine solution (Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), Tegaderm (3 M, St. Paul, MN, USA), Uro-bond V (Urocare, Pomona, CA, USA), and 96-well plates were all purchased from commercial vendors. Buprenorphine was provided by the Purdue Translational Pharmacology Core at Purdue University.

The N. gonorrhoeae reference strains were obtained from the WHO reference strain panel for global quality assurance and quality control of gonococcal AMR testing^{21 (link),41 (link)}. The rest of N. gonorrhoeae strains used were clinical isolates obtained from the CDC (Supplementary Table 1). The commensal vaginal bacterial strains were obtained from the Biodefense and Emerging Infections Research Resources Repository (BEI Resources) (Supplementary Table 2). All chemical compounds used in this study were obtained commercially from chemical vendors: auranofin (Chem-Impex International, Wood Dale, IL), sodium aurothiomalate, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), aurothioglucose (USP reference standard Rockville, MD), ceftriaxone and cefixime (Acros Organics, NJ), and azithromycin (TCI America, Portland, OR).
Difco lactobacilli MRS broth, Brucella base broth and chocolate II agar (GC II Agar with hemoglobin and IsoVitaleX) were purchased from Becton, Dickinson and Company (Cockeysville, MD). Yeast extract and dextrose (Fisher Bioreagents, Fairlawn, NJ), proteose-peptone, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and agarose (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), hematin solution, Tween 80, and pyridoxal (Chem-Impex International, Wood Dale, IL) were purchased from chemical vendors.