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Zymosan from saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Zymosan is a particulate preparation derived from the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is composed of β-glucans, mannans, and chitin. Zymosan can be used as a tool in various research applications to study immune system responses.

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Lab products found in correlation

Indomethacin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Interleukin 6 (il 6), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Gm csf, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Mcp 1, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Aspirin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Tgf β, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Mouse monoclonal ab against socs3, by Abcam (1 mentions) Mouse monoclonal ab against β actin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) White 96 well plate, by Corning (1 mentions) Zymosan, by Merck Group (1 mentions) L6529, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Atglistatin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ns 398, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Poly 1 c, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Flagellin from salmonella typhimurium, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Streptavidin horseradish peroxidase, by Vector Laboratories (1 mentions) Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) O dianisidine dihydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Formamid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Zymosan (229 citations) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (61 citations) Zymosan A from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (27 citations)

6 protocols using zymosan from saccharomyces cerevisiae

1

Inhibition of PGE2 and Cytokine Signaling

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PGE2 from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI) was dissolved in DMSO and stored under N2 at −80°C. Murine and rat cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1, TGFβ and GM-CSF) were purchased from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ). Mouse monoclonal Ab against SOCS3 was purchased from Abcam (San Francisco, CA) and rabbit polyclonal Ab against phospho-STAT3 was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). Mouse monoclonal Ab against β-actin and the reagents aspirin, indomethacin, LPS from Escherichia coli (clone 0111:B4) and zymosan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Neutralizing antibodies for MCP-1 and PGE2 were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN) and Cayman Chemical, respectively.
Speth J.M., Bourdonnay E., Penke L.R., Mancuso P., Moore B.B., Weinberg J.B, & Peters-Golden M. (2016). Alveolar epithelial cell-derived prostaglandin E2 serves as a request signal for macrophage secretion of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 during innate inflammation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 196(12), 5112-5120.
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2

Isolation and Culture of Mouse and Human Cells

Cited 2 times
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HEK293 cells were from ATCC (CRL-1573). WT HBE cells were provided by the primary cell culture service offered from the Italian Cystic Fibrosis Research Foundation and cultured as described (46 (link)). Total lung cells, alveolar macrophages and MEFs were obtained from C57BL/6 mice as described (46 (link), 48 (link)). Zymosan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sigma) was used at the final concentration of 50 µg/ml.
Stincardini C., Pariano M., D’Onofrio F., Renga G., Orecchini E., Orabona C., Nunzi E., Gargaro M., Fallarino F., Chun S.K., Fortin B.M., Masri S., Brancorsini S., Romani L., Costantini C, & Bellet M.M. (2023). The circadian control of tryptophan metabolism regulates the host response to pulmonary fungal infections. PNAS Nexus, 2(3), pgad036.
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3

Luminol-based Assay for ROS Production

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Reactive oxygen species production was determined by using a luminol‐enhanced luminescence assay. Neutrophils were isolated by removing PBMCs after density centrifugation on Ficoll‐Paque, and addition of hypotonic lysis buffer (H2O with 155 mm NH4Cl and 10 mm KHCO3) for 15′ on ice, twice. Thereafter, cells were washed with PBS twice and cells were resuspended in culture medium and counted. 5 × 105 neutrophils were added per well in quadruplicate in a white 96‐well plate (Corning, Sigma‐Aldrich). Subsequently, BIX‐01294 or control was added for 30 min. at 37°C, 5% CO2. Thereafter, the neutrophils, or the BCG‐trained macrophages at day 6, were unstimulated or stimulated with 1 mg mL−1 serum‐opsonised Zymosan (from Saccharomyces  cerevisiae, Sigma). Next, luminol was added, and chemiluminescence was measured for 1 h every 142 s. Luminescence was expressed as relative light units (RLU) per second.
Mourits V.P., van Puffelen J.H., Novakovic B., Bruno M., Ferreira A.V., Arts R.J., Groh L., Crișan T.O., Zwaag J., Jentho E., Kox M., Pickkers P., van de Veerdonk F.L., Weis S., Oosterwijk E., Vermeulen S.H., Netea M.G, & Joosten L.A. (2021). Lysine methyltransferase G9a is an important modulator of trained immunity. Clinical & Translational Immunology, 10(2), e1253.
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4

Activated Macrophage Signaling Pathways

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BMDMs were treated with LPS from E. coli (O55:B5; L6529; Sigma-Aldrich) and flagellin from Salmonella typhimurium (Sigma-Aldrich) at a concentration of 100 ng/mL, Pam3CysK4 (L2000; EMC Microcollections) at a concentration of 5 µg/mL, poly:IC (Sigma-Aldrich) at a concentration of 20 µg/mL, and Zymosan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sigma-Aldrich) at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Zymosan was opsonized to increase uptake by phagocytosis and sonicated just before use. Atglistatin (SML1075; Sigma-Aldrich) was used at a concentration of 20 μM, and cells were pretreated for 1 h before further treatment. C75 (C5490; Sigma-Aldrich) was used at a concentration of 5 µg/mL, and cells were pretreated for 1 h before further treatment. Indomethacin (I7378; Sigma-Aldrich) was used at 10 µM and NS-398 (N194; Sigma-Aldrich) was used at 1 µM, and cells were pretreated for 1 h before further treatment. PGE2 (2296; Tocris, Bio-Techne) was added at 0.1 µM 1 h after treatment with LPS.
van Dierendonck X.A., Vrieling F., Smeehuijzen L., Deng L., Boogaard J.P., Croes C.A., Temmerman L., Wetzels S., Biessen E., Kersten S, & Stienstra R. (2022). Triglyceride breakdown from lipid droplets regulates the inflammatory response in macrophages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(12), e2114739119.
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5

Murine Immune Effector Characterization

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Trinitrophenyl chloride (TNP-Cl) (Chemica Alta, Edmonton, Canada); 4-Ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one (OX), evans blue, formamid, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, o-dianisidine dihydrochloride and hydrogen peroxide were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Protein A was from Pharmacia Fine Chemicals (Piscateway, NJ) and Sepaharose 4 Fast Flow was obtained from Pfizer-Pharmacia (LKB Biotechnology AB, Uppsala, Sweden). Low-tox rabbit complement (RC) was from Pel-Freeze Biologicals (Brown Deer, WI), LPS (from Escherichia coli 026:B6), zymosan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and curdlan from Alcaligenes faecalis were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Horseradish peroxidase streptavidin was obtained from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA). Mouse immunoglobulins (Ig) were prepared from CBA/J mouse sera and conjugated with TNP hapten [16 (link), 17 ]. A single preparation with a level of substitution of 40 TNP per Ig molecule (TNP40-Ig) was used throughout the study. Mouse Ig were conjugated with OX (OX20-Ig), as described by Askenase and Asherson [18 ]. Additionally, mouse pan T cell isolation kit II and CD4 Micro Beads were purchased from Miltenyi Biotec (Bergisch Gladbach, Germany).
Majewska-Szczepanik M., Strzepa A., Marcińska K., Wen L, & Szczepanik M. (2014). EPICUTANEOUS IMMUNIZATION WITH TNP-Ig AND ZYMOSAN INDUCES TCRαβ+ CD4+ CONTRASUPPRESSOR CELLS THAT REVERSE SKIN-INDUCED SUPPRESSION VIA IL-17A. International archives of allergy and immunology, 164(2), 122-136.
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6

Salmon Leukocyte ROS Production by Chemiluminescence

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The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by salmon blood leukocytes was measured by chemiluminescence following the methods described by Marnila et al. (51 (link)), Nikoskelainen et al. (20 (link)) and Nikoskelainen et al. (52 (link)). Briefly, whole blood (2 μL mL−1 final concentration) was added to a mixture of 1 mM luminol (5-amino-2,3-dihydro 1,4-phthalazinedione, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) in 0.2 M sodium borate and PBS. Then, 225 μL of this solution was added to triplicate wells of a 96-well white cliniplate (Cat. No. 28298-610, VWR International, Mississauga, ON), followed by 25 μL of 20 mg mL−1 zymosan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sigma, Z4250). Thereafter, chemiluminescence was measured over 60 min using a microplate reader (SpectraMax M5; Molecular Devices, Sunnydale, CA, USA) at room temperature (~20°C). During this time, a curve of the luminescence counts per second (LCS) was obtained, and peak values were taken to represent the respiratory burst of each sample.
Zanuzzo F.S., Beemelmanns A., Hall J.R., Rise M.L, & Gamperl A.K. (2020). The Innate Immune Response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Is Not Negatively Affected by High Temperature and Moderate Hypoxia. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 1009.
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