D 10 testing program

Blood samples for the biochemical tests were also obtained in the morning after an overnight fast. HbA1c was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (D-10 Testing Program, Bio-Rad). The serum insulin assay used a magnetic bead-based enzymatic spectrofluorometric immunoassay with an automatic enzyme immunoassay apparatus (AIA360, TOSOH). The serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), uric acid (UA) and serum creatinine (Scr) levels were measured with Hitachi Model 7600 Series Automatic Analyzer. The glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation (eGFR = 175×(standardized Scr) –^1.154 ×age^–0.203×0.742 [if female]) [17 (link)].

After an overnight fasting, venous blood samples were collected from all recruited patients for biochemical indices. The FPG, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured with an automated biochemical analyzer (Model 7600, Hitachi). Serum C-peptide levels were measured with the electrochemiluminescence immunoassays in an immunoassay system (DxI 800, Beckman Coulter). The intra and inter-assay variation coefficients of C-peptide were 2.0–2.8% and 2.3–3.5%, respectively. HbA1c was measured with the ion exchange-based HPLC method in a hemoglobin analysis system (D-10 Testing Program, Bio-Rad). Serum ADA levels were measured by the adenosine deaminase reagent kit (MedicalSystem Biotechnology Company Limited, Ningbo, China) using an automated biochemical analyzer (Model 7600, Hitachi).