The
two S. cerevisiae strains W15 and ICV-K1
(Sc1 and Sc2, Lalvin, Montreal, Quebec, Canada), T.
delbrueckii Biodiva (Td, Level, Edwardstown, Australia), M. pulcherrima Flavia (M1, Level, Edwardstown, Australia),
and M. fructicola IOC Gaïa (M2,
Edwardstown, Australia) were kindly provided by Lallemand, Inc. (Montreal,
Quebec, Canada), and S. bayanus (Sb,
Condessa, Viinitialo Melkko, Ltd., Lahti, Finland) was purchased from
a local wine equipment store in Turku, Finland.
Quercetin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and
(+)-catechin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). p-Coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, xylitol, tartaric acid,
quinic acid, fumaric acid, shikimic acid, and galacturonic acid were
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.). Citric acid
and sucrose were purchased from J.T. Baker Chemicals (Leuven, Belgium). n-Butanol was purchased from Riedel-de Haën (Morris
Plains, NJ, U.S.A.), and ethanol was purchased from Altia (Helsinki,
Finland).
two S. cerevisiae strains W15 and ICV-K1
(Sc1 and Sc2, Lalvin, Montreal, Quebec, Canada), T.
delbrueckii Biodiva (Td, Level, Edwardstown, Australia), M. pulcherrima Flavia (M1, Level, Edwardstown, Australia),
and M. fructicola IOC Gaïa (M2,
Edwardstown, Australia) were kindly provided by Lallemand, Inc. (Montreal,
Quebec, Canada), and S. bayanus (Sb,
Condessa, Viinitialo Melkko, Ltd., Lahti, Finland) was purchased from
a local wine equipment store in Turku, Finland.
Quercetin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and
(+)-catechin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). p-Coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, xylitol, tartaric acid,
quinic acid, fumaric acid, shikimic acid, and galacturonic acid were
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.). Citric acid
and sucrose were purchased from J.T. Baker Chemicals (Leuven, Belgium). n-Butanol was purchased from Riedel-de Haën (Morris
Plains, NJ, U.S.A.), and ethanol was purchased from Altia (Helsinki,
Finland).