Fabrication began with a clean glass slide (length, 75 mm; width, 50 mm; thickness, 1 mm; Corning Microscope Slides, Corning, NY, USA) coated with PDMS formed by spin-casting at 1000 rpm for 60 s followed by curing at 70°C for 1 hour. A sheet of copper-coated PI (9 μm/12 μm, copper/PI) was then laminated on top. Photolithography (AZ 5214, AZ Electronic Materials) and wet etching defined a pattern of copper traces. A 12-μm-thick layer of PI (PI-2545, HD MicroSystems), formed by spin-casting and curing at 250°C for 2 hours, served as an encapsulation layer and a means to locate the copper near the position of the neutral mechanical plane. Photolithography and reactive ion etching then defined the PI/metal/PI sheet into serpentine-shaped structures. A μ-ILED (TR2227, Cree Inc.) was placed onto the exposed pads with a small amount of solder paste (Indalloy 290, 97.0In/3.0Ag, Indium Corporation). The resulting probe was released from the glass substrate by laser cutting of the patterned PI/metal/PI sheet (ProtoLaser U4, LPKF, Germany).
Microscope slides
Manufactured by Corning
Sourced in United States, Switzerland
Corning Microscope Slides are transparent glass or plastic substrates used for the preparation and examination of samples under a microscope. They provide a stable platform to mount and observe specimens for various scientific and medical applications.
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Lab products found in correlation
5 protocols using microscope slides
1
Fabrication of Flexible Microneedle Probe
2
Fabrication of Nanoscale Metal Membrane
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Fabrication began with a PI film (thickness, 12.5 μm) with a layer of Cu/Au (thickness, 250 nm/150 nm) formed by electron beam evaporation (e-beam evaporator, AJA International). The metal-coated PI film was then laminated on a clean glass slide (length, 75 mm; width, 50 mm; thickness, 1 mm) (Corning Microscope Slides, Corning, NY, USA), with a coating of PDMS formed by spin-coating (1000 rpm for 60 s) followed by curing at 70°C for 1 hour. Photolithography (AZ 4620, AZ Electronic Materials) and reactive ion etching defined a metal membrane (radius, ~1.2 mm; thickness, 400 nm) supported by a PI film (fig. S11). Last, atomic layer deposition formed a layer of aluminum oxide (Al2O3; thickness, 25 nm) on the metal membrane.
3
Measuring Trichome Density in Plants
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Non-glandular trichome densities of Hsp5 and Concerto (n = 9) were determined using polarised light microscopy following a procedure adapted from Pomeranz et al. (2013) . Briefly, the first true leaf was excised from plant stems and treated to two incubation steps to clear the leaf epidermis. Firstly, leaf area was measured and leaves were soaked in 96% Ethanol (SigmaAldrich, UK) for 48h before being treated with 1.25 M NaOH:EtOh (1:1, v:v) at 70 o C for 2h. Leaves were stored in 50% glycerol prior to trichome visualisation; if NaOH:EtOH treatment did not clear the leaf epidermis leaves were further treated with 80% lactic acid for 6h. To analyse trichome density samples were placed adaxial side up on microscope slides (75 x 25 mm; Corning, UK). A polarising light microscope was created using two 50 mm 2 { PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT } polarising filters (Sigma-Aldrich, UK), one placed below the stage of a stereo-microscope but above the light source and the second attached below the objective lens. Non-glandular trichomes appeared illuminated under the polarised microscope setup and the number of trichomes per unit area were counted manually. To allow correlation of trichome density with aphid performance, an additional R. padi performance experiment (as described above) was carried out on these plants prior to trichome density analysis.
4
Microfabrication and Culture Media Preparation
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Four-inch, 550-µm-thick Si wafers were obtained from the Center of Micro- and Nanotechnology of EPFL (Lausanne, Switzerland). MicroChem SU8-3025 (1L) negative photoresist was purchased from Micro Resist Technology GmbH (Berlin, Germany). PDMS Sylgard 184 was purchased from Dow Corning (Wiesbaden, Germany). Corning microscope slides (75 mm × 38 mm) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland). Microline ethyl vinyl acetate tubes with 0.51 mm inner and 1.52 mm outer diameters were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Wohlen, Switzerland). l -Broth bacterial culture medium was obtained by adding 10 g of Bacto-tryptone, 5 g of Bacto-yeast, and 5 g of NaCl to 1 L of H2O. S-basal medium was obtained by adding 5.85 g of NaCl, 1 g of K2HPO4, 6 g of KH2PO4, and 1 mL of cholesterol (5 mg/mL in ethanol) to 1 L of H2O. S-medium was obtained by adding 0.5 mL of 1 M potassium citrate (pH 6), 0.5 mL of trace metal solution, 0.15 mL of 1 M CaCl2, and 0.15 mL of 1 M MgSO4 to 50 mL of S-basal medium. The S-basal, l -broth, and S-media were sterilized by autoclaving. The bleach solution was prepared by combining 0.33 mL of 4 M sodium hydroxide, 3.66 mL of deionized water, and 1 mL of 7–10% sodium hypochlorite solution.
5
Microfabrication of PDMS-Based Microfluidic Devices
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4-inch 550 µm thick Si wafers and AZ1512 HS photoresist were obtained from the Center of Micro- and Nanotechnology of EPFL (Lausanne, Switzerland). PDMS Sylgard 184 was acquired from Dow Corning (Wiesbaden, Germany). MicroChem SU8-3050 1 L negative photoresist was purchased from Micro Resist Technology GmbH (Berlin, Germany). Microline ethyl vinyl acetate tube with 0.51 mm inner and 1.52 mm outer diameters was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Wohlen, Switzerland). Corning microscope slides (75 mm × 38 mm) and 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorooctyl-trichlorosilane (FOTS) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland). L-Broth bacterial culture medium was produced by adding 10 g of Bacto-tryptone, 5 g of Bacto-yeast, and 5 g of NaCl in 1 L of H2O. S-Basal medium was prepared by adding 5.85 g of NaCl, 1 g of K2HPO4, 6 g of KH2PO4, and 1 mL of cholesterol (5 mg/mL in ethanol) in 1 L of H2O. S-medium was obtained by aliquoting 0.5 mL of 1 M potassium citrate (pH 6), 0.5 mL of trace metal solution, 0.15 mL of 1 M CaCl2, and 0.15 mL of 1 M MgSO4 in 50 mL of S-Basal medium. S-Basal, L-Broth and S-medium were sterilized by autoclaving. Filtered S-medium was obtained by filtrating the S-medium solution through a syringe filter with 200 nm pore size.
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