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3 protocols using 4 nitrothiophenol

1

Lanthanide-doped Nanoparticle Synthesis

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All reagents were used without further purification. Gd2O3 (99.999%), Yb2O3 (99.999%), Y2O3 (99.999%) and Er2O3 (99.999%) were purchased from Chemicals 101 Corp. Sodium trifluoroacetate (98%) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)thiophenol (97%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Oleic Acid (90%), 1-octadecene (90%), IR820 (80%), 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (99%), 4-nitrothiophenol (80%), 4-methylbenzenethiol (98%) and sodium azide (99.5%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. HCl (trace metal grade, 99.999%) was purchased from Fisher Scientific. Transmission electron microscopy grids (FCF300-CU) were purchased from Electron Microscopy Sciences Inc. For MALDI-MS analysis, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. Liquid chromatography grade solvents were purchased from VWR. ESI-MS low concentration tuning mix was purchased from Agilent Technologies.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles

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Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4·xH2O, 99.999% trace metals basis), trisodium citrate dihydrate (HOC(COONa)(CH2COONa)2·2H2O, ≥99%), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP, (C6H9NO)n, molecular weight-10 kg mol–1), sodium borohydride (≥99%), N,N-dimethyformamide (DMF, anhydrous 99.8%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99.5%, molecular biology), sodium hydroxide (pellets, 99.99% trace metals basis), (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS, 97%), sodium silicate (Na2O(SiO2)x·xH2O, reagent grade), 4-nitrothiophenol (NTP, technical grade 80%), RPMI 1640, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin and WST-1 assay reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-silane (mPEG–silane, molecular weight – 2 kg mol–1) was obtained from Laysan Bio (Arab, AL). Phosphate buffered saline (1× PBS, pH 7.4) solution was purchased from Quality Biology (Gaithersburg, MD). PYREX® Petri Dishes were purchased from Corning Incorporated (Corning, NY), and quartz coverslips from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA). All other reagents and solvents used in this study were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
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3

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

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HAuCl4·3 H2O (≥99.9%,
trace metal basis) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. Sodium borohydride
(ReagentPlus, ≥99%, NaBH4), l-ascorbic
acid (ACS reagents, ≥99%, AA), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl
ether thiol average Mn 6000 (PEG-6K),
sodium hyprochlorite (6–14% active chlorine, Emplura), and
cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (≥98%, CTAC) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. All solutions, except HAuCl4 and CTAB,
were prepared immediately before use. Purified Milli-Q water was used
in all experiments (Millipore, 18.2 MΩ cm). Glassware (Menzel-Gläser
24 × 24 #1) was cleaned with aqua regia and rinsed extensively
with Milli-Q water before use. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA A2 950)
was purchased from EM Resist and used as supplied. Polylactide-co-glycolide acid end-cap (75:25, Mn 25,000) and polylactide-co-glycolide acid
end-cap (95:5, Mn 25,000) were purchased
from Polysciences. Adenosine (suitable for cell culture, Ado), 4-
mercaptobenzoic acid (90%, 4-MBA), 4-nitrothiophenol (80%, 4-NTP),
thiabendazole (>99% powder, TBZ), crystal violet (dye content >90%,
CV) methylene blue (>95%, MB), and nicotinamide (>98% powder,
NAm)
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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