Tga 50 analyzer

Thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TGA were performed on a Shimadzu TGA-50 analyzer from ambient temperature to 300 °C at 10 °C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. DSC thermograms were obtained in a Perkin-Elmer Pyris 1 calorimeter (PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). Scans were carried out from 25 to 300 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min under a nitrogen atmosphere.

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out using the TGA 50 analyzer (SHIMADZU CORPORATION, JAPAN). Each sample consisted of (4.00 ± 0.25) mg of powdered enamel placed in a platinum crucible. The TGA cycle was run between room temperature and 800 °C, at a rate of 10 °C/min with a 1-min hold at 30 °C. The measurements were carried out under oxygen (50 ml/min). The TGA curves are presented as a percentage of weight loss on the Y-axis (TGA%) and temperature (°C) in Fig. 2b.

The WCSO density was determined to find the mass of biomass that was processed at 500 µL, employing a portable density meter from Kem Kyoto electronics, model DA-130N, at 25.4 °C. The moisture and ash contents were analyzed according to ASTM D1762-84:2007 [41 ], employing a mass of 1.0000 g of WCSO. The moisture content was calculated from the mass loss after heating at 105 °C for 12 h. The ash content was determined by difference, after subjecting the samples to heating at 750 °C for 6 h. All of the analyses were performed in triplicate.
The thermal behavior of the WCSO was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermal gravimetric analysis (DTG), employing a Shimadzu TGA-50 analyzer. A 6.9 mg mass of sample was heated at a rate of 8 °C min⁻¹ in the range 18–600 °C, under a nitrogen atmosphere at a flow rate of 40 mL min⁻¹.

Size, morphology, and electron diffraction of Gal-CMCS-Fe₃O₄-NPs were observed using a TEM (JEOL JEM-2010, Tokyo, Japan) operated at 200 kV. The size distribution and surface charge of Gal-CMCS-Fe₃O₄-NPs were measured as the zeta potential using a Nicomp 380 ZLS instrument (PSS, Santa Barbara, CA, USA). The surface chemistry of Gal-CMCS-Fe₃O₄-NPs was studied using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (AVATAR-370, Thermo, Madison, WI, USA) with KBr as a diluting agent and scanned against a blank KBr pellet background. A thermogravimetric analyzer (Shimadzu TGA-50 Analyzer, Tokyo, Japan) was used to perform thermal analyses. The saturation magnetization for Gal-CMCS-Fe₃O₄-NPs was done using Lake Shore 7407 vibrating sample magnetometer (Lake Shore Cryotronics, Westerville, OH, USA).