All behavioral procedures were performed blind to the treatment administered. Anxiety, which could interfere with a memory test, was assessed in treated and untreated animals using the elevated plus maze test (EPM). Mice were placed in the center of a plus-shaped maze consisting of two 10 -cm-wide open arms and two 10-cm-wide enclosed arms elevated at 50 cm above the floor. Parameters including distance moved, velocity, the number of entries into each arm, time spent in the open vs. the closed arms, and percentage of open arms entries were acquired during 5 min by video recording using EthoVision video tracking equipment and software (Noldus Information Technology, Paris, France) in a dedicated room.
Ethovision video tracking equipment and software
Manufactured by Noldus
Sourced in France
EthoVision is a video tracking software and equipment developed by Noldus. It is designed to automatically track and analyze the movement and behavior of animals in a controlled laboratory setting. The software provides detailed data on parameters such as velocity, distance traveled, and time spent in specific zones, allowing researchers to study various aspects of animal behavior.
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Lab products found in correlation
7 protocols using ethovision video tracking equipment and software
1
Elevated Plus Maze for Anxiety Assessment
2
Spatial Learning in the Morris Water Maze
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Spatial learning was tested in the Morris water maze (MWM) with hidden platform. The maze consisted of a circular pool (150 cm diameter, 33 cm high), which was filled with opaque water (25 ± 1°C) to a depth of 16 cm, and an escape platform (15 cm diameter, 15 cm high) hidden 1 cm below the water surface in the middle of a fixed quadrant. The pool was situated in a room enriched with distal visual cues. Each trial began at one of four randomized starting locations by placing the mouse at the edge of the pool facing its centre. During trials, the experimenter remained seated at a fixed location. When a trial was not completed within 2 min, the mouse was guided to the platform and remained there for 15s. A training session consisted of four swimming trials during which the animal needed to find the position of the hidden platform. Trials in each session were separated by a 15-min break, and when two sessions were performed on a single day they were separated by 2h. Five consecutive training days were followed by 2 resting days. MWM navigation was recorded using Ethovision video tracking equipment and software (Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, The Netherlands).
3
Cognitive Assessment of APP and Tau Transgenic Mice
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The Morris water maze test was used to assess the cognitive function of APP tg or tau tg mice and their APP wt littermates, as previously described [31] . Mice were trained to nd the hidden escape platform. There were four trials per training day; with a trial interval of 15 minutes. Latency time, path length and velocity were recorded with Ethovision video tracking equipment and software (Noldus Ethovision, Wageningen, The Netherlands). After 6 training days, there were 1 day of rest, and a probe trial on the 8 th day. During the probe trial, the platform was removed, and the swimming path was recorded during 5 minutes. The frequency of entries in the location of original platform were measured.
4
Spatial Learning and Cognitive Flexibility Evaluation
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Spatial learning and cognitive flexibility were evaluated using a Morris water maze (WMW) [55 (link), 56 (link)], which consisted of a circular pool (150 cm in diameter), filling with water maintained at room temperature (23 ± 1 °C), opacified by adding nontoxic white. The platform (diameter in 15 cm) was hidden 1 cm underneath the water surface in the middle of one fixed quadrant (‘target’) of the pool. Four different colors and dimensions visual cues were attached to the side of the pool equidistant from one another, and the pool was surrounded by a plain curtain to block any other visual cues. For training (day 1–5), mice were released randomly with their heads facing the pool wall from one of the four starting locations, and trained daily in four sequential sessions (15–30 min interval). Once mice were not able to locate the platform after 60 s, they were manually placed on the platform and allowed to remain on it for 20 s. For probe test (day 6), a 60 s probe trial was performed to assess the memory of the mice. The latency to locate the platform and velocity were recorded by EthoVision video tracking equipment and software (Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands).
5
Assessing Rodent Behavioral Patterns
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Open field (OF) and social exploration (SE) were examined using a 50 cm×50cm arena. Animals were dark adapted for 30 minutes and placed in a corner of the arena. After 1 minute of exploration, movements of the mice were recorded for 10 minutes using EthoVision video tracking equipment and software (Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands). Total path length, rearing frequency, corner crossings, center entries, and percentage path length in the center were recorded. In the SE test, 2 female mice were placed in a centrally located cage enabling visual, olfactory, and limited physical contact. In the elevated plus maze test (EPM), the arena consisted of a plus-shaped maze with 2 open and 2 closed arms (5cm wide). Mice were placed at the center of the maze and were allowed to explore freely for 10 minutes (after 1 minute of adaptation). Five infrared beams (4 for arm entries and 1 for open-arm dwell), connected to a computerized activity logger, recorded exploratory activity. Total number of arm entries (ie, beam crossings in open and closed arms), percentage of open arm entries, and open-arm dwell (ie, percentage of time per minute spent in the open arms) were measured.
6
Spatial Learning and Cognitive Flexibility in Mice
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Spatial learning and cognitive flexibility was examined in the hidden platform MWM19 ,20 (link),58 (link). A circular pool (diameter 150 cm) was filled with tempered water (26 ± 1 °C), opacified by adding nontoxic white paint. The platform (diameter, 15 cm) was hidden 1 cm underneath the water surface. The location of the platform remained the same throughout the 10 days of spatial acquisition, was relocated to the opposite quadrant during the 5 days of reversal learning trials and removed during probe trials. Female A20Cx3Cr1-KO and control littermate mice were trained daily in four sequential sessions (15–30 min interval) starting randomly from one of four starting positions. Animals that were not able to find the platform within 120 s, were gently guided to the platform where they remained for 15 s before they were transferred to their home cage. Probe trials were conducted on days 6 and 11 during acquisition learning and on day 6 of reversal learning. EthoVision video tracking equipment and software (Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands) were used to quantify and extract swim paths parameters.
7
Elevated Plus Maze Anxiety Test
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Basal anxiety, which could interfere with spatial memory assessment, was evaluated in treated and untreated animals using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Mice were placed in the center of a plus-shaped maze consisting of two 10-cm-wide open arms and two 10-cm-wide enclosed arms elevated 50 cm above the floor surface. Parameters including the number of entries into each arm, time spent in the open versus the closed arms, and percentage of open arm entries were measured for 5 min and acquired by video recording using EthoVision video tracking equipment and software (Noldus Information Technology, Paris, France) in an animal facility dedicated room.
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