200 proof ethanol

Manufactured by Decon Labs

Sourced in United States

200 proof ethanol is a highly concentrated form of ethanol, containing 100% pure ethanol without any water content. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor. The primary function of 200 proof ethanol is to serve as a high-purity solvent for various industrial, scientific, and laboratory applications.

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Ethanol (60 citations) Koptec 200-proof ethanol (2 citations)

10 protocols using 200 proof ethanol

Live-Cell Imaging Coverslip Preparation

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Live-cell imaging dishes were prepared as follows: Schott Nexterion 1.5H 22-mm × 22-mm coverslips (170 µm ± 5 µm) were sonicated for 30 min in 1 M KOH and an additional 30 min in 200 proof ethanol (Decon Labs, 2701). The treated coverslips were attached to the bottoms of the 35-mm dishes containing a hole in the center using Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer kit (Dow Corning, 3097366-1004).
Cells were plated on these coverslips ∼17 h before imaging and labeled with HaloTag Janelia fluor 646 (JF646 was a gift from the Lavis laboratory) for 30 sec in 37°C complete medium at a concentration that produced ∼10 localizations per frame (Zhen et al. 2016 (link)). The concentrations used were 5 nM HaloTag-EZH2 and 25 nM HaloTag-SUZ12.
Cells were imaged in 2 mL of FluoroBrite DMEM (Thermo Fisher, A1896701) at 37°C and 5% CO₂. All single-molecule imaging was performed under high-incline laser conditions (Tokunaga et al. 2008 (link)) on a Nikon N-Storm microscope described previously (Schmidt et al. 2016 (link)). All imaging was performed using HiLo illumination (Tokunaga et al. 2008 (link)). Diffusion imaging was performed at 97.5 fps, 25% AOTF, and continuous illumination, whereas lifetime analysis imaging was performed at 2 fps, 15% AOTF, and 31-msec exposures of intermittent illumination. n > 12 cells were analyzed for each biological replicate.

Youmans D.T., Schmidt J.C, & Cech T.R. (2018). Live-cell imaging reveals the dynamics of PRC2 and recruitment to chromatin by SUZ12-associated subunits. Genes & Development, 32(11-12), 794-805.

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Nanoparticle Characterization by SEM

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For CHA 1s and 30s DE and NPPT nanoparticle formulation conditions, nanoparticle samples were further processed for scanning electron microscopy. After the final centrifugation, nanoparticles were resuspended in DI instead of PBS and diluted 100x in 200 proof ethanol (Decon Labs). Subsequently, 100 μL of the diluted nanoparticle solutions were pipetted onto a silicon wafer and allowed to air-dry for 1h in a fume hood. The nanoparticles were sputter coated with palladium under an argon environment and imaged on the FEI XL830 Dual Beam Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscope in the UW Molecular Analysis Facility.

Liao R., Pon J., Chungyoun M, & Nance E. (2020). Enzymatic protection and biocompatibility screening of enzyme-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for neurotherapeutic applications.. Biomaterials, 257, 120238.

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Cell Viability Assay for Material Eluates

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The viability of cells incubated in materials’ eluates was determined by using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Cells were seeded into separate wells of 96-well plates (0.5 × 10⁴ cells/well) in standard medium for 24 h for cell attachment and spreading. Subsequently, cells were replenished using fresh medium (DMEM + 10% FBS and 1% P/S) with or without materials’ eluates (either 20%, 40% or 80%)^{35 (link)} and were incubated (37 °C, 72 h). The MTT reagent was then added to individual wells and cells were incubated (37 °C, 4 h) in a humidified 5% CO₂ incubator. At the end of the incubation period, spent medium was carefully aspirated and converted dye was solubilized using 200-proof ethanol (Decon Labs, King of Prussia, PA, USA). The absorbance of the formazan dye formed was then measured photometrically at 570 nm (VersaMax ELISA Microplate Reader; Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA, USA). Cell cultures that were not exposed to materials’ eluates served as the negative control group (100% viability).

Esteban Florez F.L., Kraemer H., Hiers R.D., Sacramento C.M., Rondinone A.J., Silvério K.G, & Khajotia S.S. (2020). Sorption, solubility and cytotoxicity of novel antibacterial nanofilled dental adhesive resins. Scientific Reports, 10, 13503.

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Graphene Oxide Sheets for Biomedical Applications

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Single layer graphene oxide sheets were purchased from Cheap Tubes (Cambridgeport, VT). 200 proof ethanol was purchased from Decon Labs Inc. (King of Prussia, PA). Magnesium ribbon ≥99.5% (3 mm wide × 0.2 mm thick), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene (EDOT) monomer, and dexamethasone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. PBS 10× concentrate (136 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM potassium chloride, 10 mM phosphate buffer) was purchased from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA) and diluted using de-ionized water from a Millipore Milli-Q system.

Catt K., Li H., Hoang V., Beard R, & Cui T. (2017). Self-powered therapeutic release from conducting polymer/graphene oxide films on magnesium. Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine, 14(7), 2495-2503.

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Reagent Preparation for Fluorescence Assays

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Coumarin-102 dye (99%), Triton X-100, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C-TAB) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt (SDS) was purchased from Fisher Scienti c (Waltham, MA). CHAPS was purchased from Anatrace (Maumee, OH) and 200 proof ethanol was purchased from Decon Labs (King of Prussia, PA). All chemicals used were of reagent grade and were used as received without further puri cation.

Spikes H.J., Jarrett-Noland S.J., Germann S.M., Braddock-Wilking J, & Dupureur C.M. (2021). Group 14 Metallafluorenes as Sensitive Luminescent Probes of Surfactants in Aqueous Solution. Journal of fluorescence, 31(4).

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Extraction and purification of compounds

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Ethanol (200 proof) was obtained from Decon Labs (King of Prussia, PA, USA), while methanol and acetone (HPLC grade) were from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Sephadex LH-20^TM was obtained from GE Healthcare (Uppsala, Sweden), Amberlite^TM FPX-66 ion exchange resin was from DOW (Philadelphia, PA, USA), 2,5-dihidroxybenzoic acid, butanol, and hydrochloric acid were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). All other chemicals were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific unless otherwise stated.

Alfaro-Viquez E., Roling B.F., Krueger C.G., Rainey C.J., Reed J.D, & Ricketts M.L. (2018). An extract from date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) acts as a co-agonist ligand for the nuclear receptor FXR and differentially modulates FXR target-gene expression in vitro. PLoS ONE, 13(1), e0190210.

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Nicotine and Varenicline Pharmacology

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Nicotine (25 mg base/ml propylene glycol) was obtained from a commercial source (NicVape, Spartanburg, SC). This solution was diluted in saline to produce the training solution of 0.4 mg/ml (expressed as weight of the base). Test solutions included this concentration, as well as concentrations ranging from 0.02–0.2 mg/ml. Nicotine solutions were titrated to pH 7 using acetic acid (glacial, Fisher, Inc, Fair Lawn, NJ). Varenicline was generously provided Pfizer Inc. (Groton, CT) and was dissolved in 0.9% saline to make 1 ml/kg solutions for each dose. Ethanol (200 proof) was obtained from Decon Labs (King of Prussia, PA). Ethanol was diluted to 8% (w/v) in drinking water.

Ginsburg B.C., Levy S.A, & Lamb R.J. (2017). Nicotine as a discriminative stimulus for ethanol use. Drug and alcohol dependence, 182, 98-102.

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Sorghum biomass pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis

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All materials were used as supplied unless otherwise noted. Water was deionized, with specific resistivity of 18 MΩ·cm at 25 °C, from Purelab Flex (ELGA, Woodridge, IL, USA). Choline hydroxide (45% in methanol), acetic acid (>99.7%), sodium hydroxide pellets (≥97%), methanol, sodium azide, and sulfuric acid (98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol (200 proof) was purchased from Decon Labs, Inc. (King of Prussia, PA, USA). sulfuric acid (72%) was procured from the RICCA chemical company (Arlington, TX, USA). J. T. Baker, Inc. (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) supplied hydrochloric acid and sodium citrate dihydrate, while citric acid monohydrate (≥99.99%) was obtained from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA).
Analytical standard grade glucose and xylose were also obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used for calibration.
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, donated by Idaho National Labs, Idaho Falls, ID, USA) was dried for 24 h in a 40 °C oven. Subsequently, it was knife-milled with a 2 mm screen (Thomas-Wiley Model 4, Swedesboro, NJ, USA). The resulting biomass was then placed in a leak-proof bag, and stored in a dry cool place (4 °C room during the period of use).
Commercial cellulase (Cellic^® CTec3) and hemicellulase (Cellic^® HTec3) mixtures were provided by Novozymes, North America (Franklinton, N, USAC).

Choudhary H., Pidatala V.R., Mohan M., Simmons B.A., Gladden J.M, & Singh S. (2022). Renewable Schiff-Base Ionic Liquids for Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment. Molecules, 27(19), 6278.

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Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

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Precursor salts of Ni(NO₃)₂•6H₂O (99%), Mg(NO₃)₂•6H₂O (99 + %), Al(NO₃)₃•9H₂O (99 + %), ZrO(NO₃)₂•H₂O (99.5%), Co(NO₃)₂•6H₂O (99 + %), Ga(NO₃)₃•H₂O (99.99%), Ce(NO₃)₃•6H₂O (99.5%), and Cr(NO₃)₃•9H₂O (99%) were purchased from Acros Organics; In(NO₃)₃•H₂O (99.99%), Nd(NO₃)₃•6H₂O (99.9%), Er(NO₃)₃•5H₂O (99.9%), and Pt(NO₃)₄ solution (Pt 15 w/w) were purchased from Alfa Asear; Fe(NO₃)₃•9H₂O was purchased from Fisher Chemical; Zn(NO₃)₂•6H₂O (98%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich; Pd(NO₃)₂•H₂O (99.8%, Pd 39% min) and IrCl₃•3H₂O (Ir 53–56%) were purchased from Thermo Scientific. NaOH pellets were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 99 + %) and HCl (37%) were purchased from Acros Organics. Ethanol (200 proof) was obtained from Decon Labs, Inc.

Liu S., Dun C., Jiang Q., Xuan Z., Yang F., Guo J., Urban J.J, & Swihart M.T. (2024). Challenging thermodynamics: combining immiscible elements in a single-phase nano-ceramic. Nature Communications, 15, 1167.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Disodium Terephthalate

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Disodium terephthalate, and 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid were purchased from TCI America (Portland, OR, USA). 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol, ammonium sulfate crystals, and 0.1 N sulfuric were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Nitric acid (70% trace metal grade) was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburg, PA, USA). Ethanol (200 proof) was purchased from Decon Labs.
A rigorous cleaning process including acid soaking and multiple rinses was followed for all glass and Teflon containers, as detailed in Kuang et al. (2017) (link). 18.2 M cm -1 MilliQ water was used for cleaning and to prepare reagent solutions. pH was measured with a bench top pH meter (HANNA instruments, HI 3220), calibrated daily with pH 4, 7, and 10 standards.

Taghvaee S., Shen J., Banach C., La C., Campbell S.J, & Paulson S.E. (2023). Robust quantification of the burst of OH radicals generated by ambient particles in nascent cloud droplets using a direct-to-reagent approach. The Science of the total environment, 900.

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