Methyl ester kt5823

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and streptomycin were purchased from PAN-Biotech GmbH (Am Gewerbepark, Aidenbach). VEGF, (10 ng/mL), bradykinin (BK; 1 μM), diethylenetriamine NONOate (DEAN; 10 μM), 1H-[1,2,4]-oxidiazolo[4,3a]quinozalin-1-one (ODQ; 10 μM), guanosine-3′5-monophosphate 8-bromo-sodium salt (8-Br-cGMP; 50 μM), sildenafil citrate (SC; 1 μM), L-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME; 1 mM), 2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-10R-methoxy-2,9-dimethyl-1-oxo-9S,12R-epoxy-1H-diindolo[1,2,3-fg:3′, 2′,1′-kl]pyrrolo[3,4-i] [1, 6] benzodiazocine-10-carboxylic acid, methyl ester (KT5823; 1 μM), N_ω-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (D-NAME; 1 mM), diaminorhodamine-4M-AM (DAR-4M-AM; 5 μM) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA. Acetylcholine (Ach; 5 μM; Himedia), 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (cPTIO; 10 μM; Calbiochem), myosin light chain kinase inhibitor (MLCKi; 30 μM; Santa Cruz, USA), phalloidin and DAPI were purchased from Invitrogen, USA. Caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (CSP; 14 μM) was purchased from Merck Millipore, Germany. DETA NONOate (DETA) was purchased from Cayman Chemical, USA. All other chemicals used in this study were of the reagent grade and were obtained commercially.