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54 protocols using mylab twice

1

Intraoperative Ultrasound Imaging using MicroV Analysis

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A last generation ultrasound machine (Esaote MyLab Twice, Esaote s.p.a., Genova, Italy) equipped with software to perform MicroV analysis was adopted to acquire IOUS images with the MicroV technique. The ultrasound machine was provided by a linear 3–11 MHz multifrequency probe (LA332, Esaote s.p.a., Genova, Italy).
Standard parameters to be set on Esaote MyLab Twice machine at the beginning of the IOUS acquisition are listed below (Table 1).
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2

Breast Mass Evaluation Using CEUS

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US images of breast masses were obtained using a Resona 7/7S/9 scanner (Mindray, China), and MyLab TM Twice (Esaote, Italy) equipped with a 3- to 11-MHz linear probe and a 4- to 13-MHz linear probe by one of seven senior radiologists with 5–15 years of experience in conventional US and at least 2 years of experience in CEUS of the breast. The nodule size was defined by the maximal diameter on US. The number and location of the masses were also recorded. If multiple masses were present, the most suspicious (the higher BI-RADS category) or the largest mass was targeted. The machine settings were adjusted to obtain optimal US images, and the images were stored for further analysis.
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3

Ultrasound-Guided Liver Ablation Protocol

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ESAOTE MyLabTMTwice was used to measure the RTE. After identification of the target lesion, the transducer was kept in a stable position without pressure, perpendicularly, to better minimize the compression artifact, and RTE mode was implemented over the conventional ultrasound image. The operator vibrates the probe, and the vibration frequency is kept at 2 times per second. The pressure index is controlled at 3–4. A color signal box of appropriate size was displayed as a colored area, with softer tissue presented as green or red and the harder presented as blue. When the images are stable, the operator freezes the image and selects the satisfactory image for analysis. The elastic ratio of the ablation area and normal liver tissue was measured three times and the average of the measured values was taken. The areas of the ablation zone were calculated according to the dimension of the ablation zone. The standard for satisfactory images is as follows: (1) the pressure is appropriate, and the images are clear and stable; (2) the liver tissue surrounding the ablation zone indicated uniform yellow-green color. The area of the ablation zone was calculated, according to the elastic images (Figure 2).
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4

Ultrasonographic Examination of Hand Joints

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Ultrasonographic examination of the wrist (WR; midline, radial, ulnar), the metacarpophalangeal (MCP), proximal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints (fingers II to V; palmar and dorsal) of the clinically dominant hand (for tenderness and/or swelling) was performed in neutral position by gray-scale US (GSUS) and PDUS following standardised procedures.23 (link) Settings for GSUS were as follows (Mylab twice, Esaote, Genua; Italy): frequency 16 MHz and length of scanner 42 mm. The gain depended on joint regions and patients and was nearly 50%. Settings for PDUS were as follows: frequency 9.1 MHz, Pulse Repitition Frequency (PRF) 750 Hz, PD-gain depending on joint regions and patients was nearly 50%; wall filter was three. Synovitis and tenosynovitis were evaluated for their severity, graded by a semiquantitative score (0–3).10 (link)
24 (link)
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5

Ultrasound-based Median Nerve Assessment

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An NCS machine (Nicolet, Middleton, WI, USA) was used to perform NCS procedures. Orthodromic stimulation was applied to assess median sensory nerve function at the wrist by placing recording rings placed at the index finger. Then, the median motor nerve status was assessed by stimulation at palm (4 cm distal to the wrist), wrist (6.5 cm proximal to the thenar muscle), and elbow (just above the crease of antecubital fossa), respectively. Following NCS, a real-time ultrasound scanner (MyLab™ Twice, Esaote, Maastricht, the Netherlands) with a 4–13 MHz linear array transducer was utilized to perform transverse scan from carpal tunnel inlet to the distal one-third forearm. CSA and perimeter at wrist (W-CSA and W-P) and one-third distal forearm (DF-CSA and DF-P) were tracked continuously by outlining the hyperechoic epineurium [Figures 1 and 2]. Ratios were calculated according to the formula as follows: R-CSA = |CSA-I|/|DF-CSA | and R-P = |W-P|/|DF-P|, respectively, whereas changes from wrist to distal one-third forearm (△CSA and △P) were acquired in line with the following formula: △CSA= |CSA-I|–|DF-CSA | and △P = |W-P|–|DF-P|, respectively.
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6

Liver Steatosis Ultrasound Evaluation

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All examinations were performed by an experienced radiologist on a Toshiba Aplio i700 and Esaote MyLab Twice. Results were based on four hallmarks of liver steatosis: echogenicity of the liver, visualization of the diaphragm, intrahepatic vessels and posterior part of the right liver lobe.
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7

Optimizing Microvascular Imaging with Esaote

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Paying attention to not moving either the color box or the probe, MicroV modality is activated by pressing the button on the touchscreen of Esaote MyLab Twice.
In order to refine the image, even at this stage color gain should be increased until the appearance of acoustic artifacts, then it has to be progressively reduced and set as soon as artifacts disappear.
Since MicroV has high sensitivity to low echoes, surgeon should wait a few seconds with the probe perfectly still for the complete reception of the echoes and the generation of the image. At this point, another picture was acquired and then it was possible to disable MicroV mode.
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8

Echocardiography-Based Coronary Flow Analysis

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In cohort 2, transthoracic echocardiography was performed as described in an earlier study.13 (link) In brief, a Philips ie33 (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) or Esaote MyLab Twice (Genova, Italy) device was used for echocardiography. Starting in the parasternal long axis view, the probe was rotated clockwise and moved laterally across the chest wall until the LAD was clearly in view with an angulation of <20° to the probe. Pulse-wave Doppler was applied with a sampling width of 7.5–10 mm to record coronary flow velocity signals. Data were exported as high-resolution images and digitalised for data analysis using a MATLAB algorithm (MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) with smoothing by a Savitzky-Golay filter.
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9

Ultrasonographic Cartilage Assessment in MCP Joints

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All patients were scanned by a single rheumatologist (JH). US examinations were focused on the assessment of the hyaline cartilage of the metacarpal heads. The metacarpal heads of the second to fifth fingers of both hands were scanned from the radial to ulnar and from the proximal to distal sides to ensure maximal exploration of the hyaline cartilage. Each joint was scanned in both the longitudinal and transverse views. Hands were scanned with the MCP joints in maximal flexion to increase the extent of the cartilage detectable by US. Particular attention was paid to maintaining the probe at an angle of 90 degrees between the direction of the US beam and the cartilage surface. US examinations were performed using a MyLab Twice and MyLab ClassC (Esaote S.p.A. Genoa, Italy) equipped with a linear probe with a frequency ranging from 10 to 22 MHz.
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10

Ultrasound Characterization of Soft Tissue Masses

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The US devices were Esaote My Lab Twice (Esaote, Genova, Italy 2011). The following characteristics were recorded: shape of the lesion (fusiform, round, serpiginous, lobulated, soap bubbles or cauliform, undefined), margins (regular well-defined or irregular infiltrating ill-defined), echostructure (isoechoic, anechoic, hyperechoic with anechoic areas, heterogeneous, or hypoechoic), calcifications (absent, present), septation (absent, present), location of the mass in the protective adipofascial system (PAFS) or in the lubricant adipofascial system (LAFS) or in both systems (according to Nakajima et al. [28 (link)], where the two adipofascial layers are delimitated by a thin superficial fascia well documented by US), relationship of the mass with the muscular fascia according to Galant et al. [24 (link)] (no contact, slight contact with acute angle between the tumor and the fascia, wider contact with larger acute or right angle, wide contact with obtuse angle with fascia; for statistical analysis, the first two and the second two variables were gathered together), and tissue characterization (fat lesion, cyst, vascular lesion). At power Doppler (PD), vascularization was recorded as absent or present.
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