Lithocholic acid lca

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States

Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a bile acid that is naturally present in the human body. It is a laboratory-grade product commonly used in various research and analytical applications. LCA serves as a chemical standard and reference material for analytical techniques, such as chromatography and mass spectrometry. The core function of LCA is to provide a reliable and consistent chemical compound for researchers and laboratories to use in their scientific investigations.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Close spelling variants of this product

Lithocholic acid (46 citations)

8 protocols using lithocholic acid lca

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Biomarker Analysis

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

OEA was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA); DSS (molecular weight=36,000–50,000 kDa) was obtained from MP Biochemical (Santa Ana, CA). MPA O-glucuronide and naloxone 3-β-D-glucuronide were obtained from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (ON, Canada). β-MCA, UDCA, HDCA, G-LCA, G-UDCA, G-DCA, T-β-MCA, T-UDCA, T-HDCA and T-LCA were purchased from Steraloids Inc. (Newport, RI). α-MCA, CA, DCA, CDCA, lithocholic acid (LCA), G-CDCA, G-CA, T-CDCA, T-DCA, T-CA, dehydrocholic acid and propranolol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO). The anti-UGT1A, anti-FXR, anti-FGF15 and anti-CYP7A1 antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. The anti-PPARα antibody was from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). The anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody was purchased from SunShine Biotechnology (Nanjing, China). The secondary antibodies and recombinant human FGF19 was obtained from Bioworld Technology (St Louis Park, MN). Other reagents, unless mentioned, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. RNA extracts of colon biopsies from 8 healthy humans and 13 ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease patients were previously described51 (link). The ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease samples were collected from consented patients and approved by the University of Michigan IRB committee (approval number HUM00042210).

Zhou X., Cao L., Jiang C., Xie Y., Cheng X., Krausz K.W., Qi Y., Sun L., Shah Y.M., Gonzalez F.J., Wang G, & Hao H. (2014). PPARα-UGT axis activation represses intestinal FXR-FGF15 feedback signalling and exacerbates experimental colitis. Nature Communications, 5, 4573.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Paclitaxel-loaded Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Hyaluronic acid (HA), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC), hydroxylamine, hydrogen peroxide, papain, pluronic (F407), lithocholic acid (LCA), di sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, glucose, sodium chloride, sodium borohydride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, streptomycin, Nile red, and dialysis membrane (cut-off value 12KD) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Baden, Germany). PTX was kindly supplied by NovaMed Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. (Lahore, Pakistan). All the solvents used were of analytical and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade.

Razzaq S., Rauf A., Raza A., Akhtar S., Tabish T.A., Sandhu M.A., Zaman M., Ibrahim I.M., Shahnaz G., Rahdar A, & Díez-Pascual A.M. (2021). A Multifunctional Polymeric Micelle for Targeted Delivery of Paclitaxel by the Inhibition of the P-Glycoprotein Transporters. Nanomaterials, 11(11), 2858.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Lipid Nanoparticle Formulation for mRNA Delivery

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

For ionizable lipids, either C14-4 or C12-200 (MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ) were utilized in each formulation. C14-4 was synthesized as described previously 39 (link). The remaining lipid components were composed of various ratios of 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) (Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (PEG) (Avanti Polar Lipids), cholesterol (Avanti Polar Lipids), and bile acids. The bile acids used in this study were cholic acid (CA) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) (Sigma Aldrich), deoxycholic acid (DCA) (Sigma Aldrich), and lithocholic acid (LCA) (Sigma Aldrich) (Figure 1A). All lipid components were suspended in ethanol.
CleanCap® FLuc mRNA (5moU) (TriLink Biotechnologies, San Diego, CA) encoding luciferase protein was diluted in 10 mM citric acid at 25 µg mRNA to 300 µL solvent. Using pump33DS syringe pumps (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA), the ethanol (lipid) phase and aqueous citric acid (mRNA) phases were chaotically mixed in a microfluidic device at a 1:3 volume ratio to formulate LNPs 42 (link). Then, LNPs were dialyzed using 20 kDa molecular weight cutoff dialysis cassettes for 2 hr against 1X PBS. Finally, LNPs were filtered using 0.22-micron filters (Figure 1B).

Patel S.K., Billingsley M.M., Mukalel A.J., Thatte A.S., Hamilton A.G., Gong N., El-Mayta R., Safford H.C., Merolle M, & Mitchell M.J. (2024). Bile acid-containing lipid nanoparticles enhance extrahepatic mRNA delivery. Theranostics, 14(1), 1-16.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Pharmacological Modulation of GLP-2 and Exendin-4 Signaling

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Custom synthesized human [Gly2]GLP-2, henceforth referred to as GLP-2, was from Pepceutical Ltd. (Nottingham, UK) and recombinant exendin-4 (#7-02177) from CHI Scientific (Maynard, MA). Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, #H-3775), the VIP receptor antagonist [Lys1-Pro2,5-Arg3,4-Tyr6] VIP (VIP-hybrid, #H-9935) [11] (link) and cholecystokinin octapeptide sulfated (CCK8, #H-2080) were purchased from Bachem (Torrance, CA). The NO synthase inhibitor N^G-Nitro-l-Arginine Methyl Ester (l-NAME, #N5751), the non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol (Prop, #P0884), the nicotinic receptor antagonist hexamethonium bromide (HexBr, #H0879), lithocholic acid (LCA, #L6250), and sodium taurocholate (TCA, T4009) were from Sigma Aldrich (Oakville ON, Canada). Tetrodotoxin citrate (TTX, #1069) was from Tocris Biosciences (Minneapolis, MN). Peptides and drugs were dissolved in PBS, except lithocholic acid that was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO, and administered to mice by intraperitoneal injection.

Yusta B., Matthews D., Flock G.B., Ussher J.R., Lavoie B., Mawe G.M, & Drucker D.J. (2017). Glucagon-like peptide-2 promotes gallbladder refilling via a TGR5-independent, GLP-2R-dependent pathway. Molecular Metabolism, 6(6), 503-511.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Lithocholic Acid and Piperine Effects

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Lithocholic acid (LCA) and piperine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The chemicals were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to prepare stock solutions, which were directly added to the conditioned medium (CM). The reagents were obtained from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, USA). The Src family kinase inhibitors (PP2), LY-294002 (LY), SB-203580 (SB), and the JNK inhibitor (JNKi), BAY-11-7082 (BAY), and SN50AG-1478 (AG) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). PD-98059 (PD) was purchased from New England Biolabs (Beverly, MA, USA). SR-11302 was obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Ellisville, MO, USA).

Li S., Nguyen T.T., Ung T.T., Sah D.K., Park S.Y., Lakshmanan V.K, & Jung Y.D. (2022). Piperine Attenuates Lithocholic Acid-Stimulated Interleukin-8 by Suppressing Src/EGFR and Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Antioxidants, 11(3), 530.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Quantification of Triterpene Acids

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Maslinic acid, corosolic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid were obtained from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany), lithocholic acid (LCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), oleic acid, and palmitic acid from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States), stearic acid and 4-methoxycinnamic acid from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland), chlorogenic acid from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany), and linoleic acid from Acros (Geel, Belgium). Eugenol was isolated from clove and the identity and purity tested by ATR-IR spectroscopy. All reference and standard compounds were obtained in a purity of ≥90%. They were dissolved to 1.0 mg/mL in MeOH. The triterpene acids (TTAs) used for the quantification were mixed and diluted to give a standard solution containing 100 μg/mL of each corosolic acid, Maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid followed by a serial dilution down to 2 μg/mL.

Ladurner A., Zehl M., Grienke U., Hofstadler C., Faur N., Pereira F.C., Berry D., Dirsch V.M, & Rollinger J.M. (2017). Allspice and Clove As Source of Triterpene Acids Activating the G Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor TGR5. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, 468.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Synthesis of Probucol and Alginate Composites

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Probucol (PB; 99.89%) and sodium alginate (SA; 99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, (St Louis, MO, USA) respectively. Lithocholic acid (LCA; ≥ 95%) was purchased from Sigma- Aldrich, Co., USA. Calcium chloride dehydrate (98%) was purchased from Scharlab S.L (Australia). All other required chemical and solvents were obtained from Merck and Co, and were of analytical grade and used without any purification.

Wagle S.R., Walker D., Kovacevic B., Gedawy A., Mikov M., Golocorbin-Kon S., Mooranian A, & Al-Salami H. (2020). Micro-Nano formulation of bile-gut delivery: rheological, stability and cell survival, basal and maximum respiration studies. Scientific Reports, 10, 7715.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Xenopus Oocyte Solution Preparation

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Composition of buffered solution (ND96) (in mM): NaCl 96, KCl 2, CaCl₂ 1.8, MgCl₂ 1, HEPES 5, pH 7.6. Composition of NDE solution: ND96 plus 2.5 mM pyruvate and 50 μg/ml Gentamycin sulphate. Composition of external control buffer (ND98) (in mM): NaCl 98, MgCl₂ 1, and CaCl₂ 1.8 with or without 0.01% DMSO. In tetramethylammonium (TMA)-chloride “zero sodium” buffer (TMA98), equimolar TMACl replaces NaCl. In Li⁺ buffer, equimolar LiCl replaces NaCl. The final pH was adjusted using respective hydroxides (NaOH or TMAOH or LiOH) to 7.6 for all external solutions. Substrates used were Dopamine (DA) (Calbiochem - Sigma, Milan, Italy), Lithocholic acid (LCA) (Sigma), and Obeticholic acid (OCA) (Adipogen, Switzerland). LCA or OCA powder was dissolved in DMSO at 50 mM and 100 mM, respectively.

Romanazzi T., Zanella D., Cheng M.H., Smith B., Carter A.M., Galli A., Bahar I, & Bossi E. (2021). Bile Acids Gate Dopamine Transporter Mediated Currents. Frontiers in Chemistry, 9, 753990.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!