Enalaprilat

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Enalaprilat is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It is the active metabolite of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drug enalapril. Enalaprilat is primarily used for research and development purposes in the pharmaceutical and scientific communities.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

13 protocols using enalaprilat

Renin-Angiotensin System Assay

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Rat renin was kindly provided by Dr. Jan Danser, Erasmus University, the Netherlands. Angiotensinogen was from Sigma Chemical Co., Saint Louis, MI, USA, and Aliskiren was kindly provided by Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Enalaprilat was from Merck.

, & De Mello W.C. (2015). Intracellular Renin Disrupts Chemical Communication between Heart Cells. Pathophysiological Implications. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 5, 238.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Radiotelemetry Recording of Cardiovascular Parameters in Mice

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Radiotelemetry transmitters (model TA11PA-C10; Data Sciences International, St Paul, MN) were implanted in 12-week old mice, as detailed in the online-only Data Supplement and per our previous studies (n=12 WT, n=15 KO).^{9 (link), 10 (link)} Systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and locomotor activity were measured in conscious, unrestrained mice from 10-days after surgery for a period of 48 hours. To further determine the contribution of the RAS versus the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), we also measured cardiovascular parameters for 30-minutes following administration of pentolinium (5mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich) to mice pre-treated with enalaprilat (an angiotensin converting enzyme, ACE, inhibitor, at 1mg/kg; Merck & Co.) during the active (dark) and inactive (light) period as previously described.^{6 (link)} Sample size and power calculations were conducted prior to the study. These indicated that for an effect size d=1.67, we would need at least 11 mice per group to detect a difference of 5 mmHg in BP (power=0.95 and α=0.05).

Paterson M.R., Jackson K.L., Dona M.S., Farrugia G.E., Visniauskas B., Watson A.M., Johnson C., Prieto M.C., Evans R.G., Charchar F., Pinto A.R., Marques F.Z, & Head G.A. (2021). Deficiency of MicroRNA-181a Results in Transcriptome-Wide Cell-Specific Changes in the Kidney and Increases Blood Pressure. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 78(5), 1322-1334.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Vasopressor Signaling Pathway Modulation

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Drugs and suppliers were as follows: acetylcholine bromide (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA); adenosine (Sigma), angiotensin II amide; arginine vasopressin (AusPep, Parkville, Victoria, Australia); enalaprilat (gift from Merck, Rahway, New Jersey, USA); mecamylamine (Sigma); noradrenaline bitartrate (Sigma); and vasopressin V₁ receptor antagonist des-Gly-[Phe1,D-Tyr(Et)2,Lys6,Arg8]-vasopressin (Bachem, Bubendorf, Switzerland). All drugs used for in vivo assessment were prepared using sterile 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Angiotensin II was stored as a stock solution at -20 °C until required. All other drugs were made fresh daily.

Khammy M.M., Angus J.A, & Wright C.E. (2020). Estimation of the vascular resistance amplifier in the renal vascular bed in conscious hypertensive rabbits: comparison with the total peripheral vasculature. Heliyon, 6(4), e03810.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Telemetric Monitoring of Cardiovascular Function in Mice

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Radiotelemetry transmitters (model TA11PA-C10; Data Sciences International, St Paul, MN) were implanted in 12-week old mice, as detailed in the online-only Data Supplement and per our previous studies (n=12 WT, n=15 KO). 9 Systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and locomotor activity were measured in conscious, unrestrained mice from 10-days after surgery for a period of 48-hours. To further determine the contribution of the RAS versus the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), we also measured cardiovascular parameters for 30-minutes following administration of pentolinium (5mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich) to mice pre-treated with enalaprilat (an angiotensin converting enzyme, ACE, inhibitor, at 1mg/kg; Merck & Co.) during the active (dark) and inactive (light) period as previously described. 7

Paterson M., Jackson K.L., Dona M.S., Farrugia G.E., Visniauskas B., Watson A.M., Johnson C., Prieto M.C., Evans R.G., Charchar F.J., Pinto A.R., Marques F.Z., & Head G.A. (2021). Deficiency of MicroRNA-181a Results in Transcriptome-Wide Cell Specific Changes in the Kidney that Lead to Elevated Blood Pressure and Salt Sensitivity.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Cardiovascular Responses to RAS Modulation

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Following a 30 min baseline recording, mice were administered the ACE inhibitor enalaprilat (1 mg/kg intraperitoneal; Merck & Co, Keniworth, NJ, USA), followed 40 minutes later by the ganglion blocker, pentolinium (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal; Sigma-Aldrich, Castle Hill, NSW Australia) as described previously.3 ACE inhibition prior to ganglion blockade has been shown to reduce the compensatory response of the RAS following ganglion blockade, unmasking the full contribution of the SNS in BPH/2J mice. 4 The cardiovascular responses were evaluated during both the light (inactive) period and the dark (active) period, on separate days, two weeks after RD surgery.

Gueguen C., Jackson K.L., Marques F.Z., Eikelis N., Phillips S., Stevenson E.R., Charchar F.J., Lambert G.W., Davern P.J, & Head G.A. (2019). Renal nerves contribute to hypertension in Schlager BPH/2J mice. Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 42(3).

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Modulating Autonomic Cardiovascular Responses

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

BPN/3J (n=3-5) and BPH/2J mice (n=3-5) were administered a ganglion blocker, pentolinium (5 mg/kg, IP; Sigma-Aldrich), 30 minutes after administration of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat (1.5 mg/kg, IP; Merck & Co), as described previously. 3 (link) The cardiovascular responses to these drugs were measured during the dark period in mice 6 hours after an injection of almorexant (100 mg/kg, IP) and in untreated mice.

Jackson K.L., Dampney B.W., Moretti J.L., Stevenson E.R., Davern P.J., Carrive P, & Head G.A. (2016). Contribution of Orexin to the Neurogenic Hypertension in BPH/2J Mice. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 67(5).

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Epithelial Tubular Cell Culture and Treatments

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Mouse epithelial tubular cells MM55.K (ATCC) were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium high (DMEM high; ThermoFisher), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Dutcher), and 1% Penicillin Streptomycin (P/S; ThermoFisher). The cells were incubated at 37°C with 5% CO₂. At 90% confluence, they were exposed to 0.05% trypsin-EDTA (ThermoFisher) and seeded in 6-well plates with 0.1 × 10⁶ cells per well for qPCR and 96-well plates with 2,000 cells per well for MTT assay. The cells were incubated for 24 h with Enalaprilat (5 μM, Sigma) or Apstatin (10 μM, Enzo Life Science), both diluted in H₂O and thereafter treated or not for 24 h with cis-Diammineplatinum(II) dichloride (50 or 100 μM, Sigma), diluted in 0.9% NaCl solution.

Estrela G.R., Wasinski F., Gregnani M.F., Freitas-Lima L.C., Arruda A.C., Morais R.L., Malheiros D.M., Camara N.O., Pesquero J.B., Bader M., Barros C.C, & Araújo R.C. (2020). Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Protects Against Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity by Modulating Kinin B1 Receptor Expression and Aminopeptidase P Activity in Mice. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 7, 96.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Comprehensive Molecular Analysis Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Propofol (Plofed 1%, Polfa, Poland), quinaprilat (Pfizer, Germany), enalaprilat (Sigma, Poland), lipofundin (MCT/LCT 10%, Braun, Germany), aqua pro injection (Baxter, Poland), sodium hydroxide (Sigma, Poland), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (Sigma, Poland), low-serum growth supplement (LSGS, Cascade Biologics, UK), Medium 200 (M200, Cascade Biologics, UK), penicillin (Sigma, Poland), streptomycin (Sigma, Poland), trypsin (Sigma, Poland), trypan blue (Sigma, Poland), Oligotex Kit (Qiagen, USA), qPCRTM Mastermix, SYBR Green I (Eurogentec Seraing, Belgium), TaqMan Reverse Transcription Reagents Kit (Applied Biosystems, USA), Tris Buffer (Polish Chemical Reagents, Poland) and Trizol (Invitrogen Life Technologies, USA) were used in the study.

Wojewodzka-Zelezniakowicz M., Gromotowicz-Poplawska A., Kisiel W., Konarzewska E., Szemraj J., Ladny J.R, & Chabielska E. (2017). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors attenuate propofol-induced pro-oxidative and antifibrinolytic effect in human endothelial cells. Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: JRAAS, 18(1), 1470320316687197.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Physicochemical Properties of Enalaprilat and Hexarelin

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The molecular structures and some physicochemical properties of Enalaprilat and hexarelin are presented in Figure 1 and Table 1. Enalaprilat, sodium caprate, hexarelin, pefabloc SC, SDS, bovine albumin, and thiobutabarbital sodium salt hydrate (Inactin) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate (Na₂HPO₄·2H₂O), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). ⁵¹Cr-EDTA was purchased from PerkinElmer Life Sciences (Boston, MA, USA).

Dahlgren D., Sjöblom M., Hedeland M, & Lennernäs H. (2020). The In Vivo Effect of Transcellular Permeation Enhancers on the Intestinal Permeability of Two Peptide Drugs Enalaprilat and Hexarelin. Pharmaceutics, 12(2), 99.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Characterization of Drug-Transporter Interactions

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Enalapril maleate was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Enalaprilat, gemfibrozil, telmisartan, repaglinide, glimepiride, febuxostat, valsartan, and diclofenac sodium were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Hyclone (Logan, UT, USA) and trypsin was from Genom (Hangzhou, China). Twenty four-well plates biocoated with poly-D-lysine was obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Hanks’ balance salt solution (HBSS) containing 1.3 mM CaCl₂, 0.5 mM MgCl₂, 0.4 mM MgSO₄, 5.4 mM KCl, 0.4 mM KH₂PO₄, 137 mM NaCl, 4.2 mM NaHCO₃, 0.3 mM Na₂HPO₄, 10 mM HEPES, and 5 mM D-glucose was prepared in house. All other reagents and chemicals were of analytical grade or of the highest quality available commercially.

Ni Y., Duan Z., Zhou D., Liu S., Wan H., Gui C, & Zhang H. (2020). Identification of Structural Features for the Inhibition of OAT3-Mediated Uptake of Enalaprilat by Selected Drugs and Flavonoids. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 802.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!