Magnetom verio 3t scanner

In all participants, T₁-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired on the same Siemens Magnetom Verio 3 T scanner (Erlangen, Germany) at the Radiological Department of the SMHC. Details of the data acquisition and processing are provided in the Supplement. Following preprocessing, the gray matter was parcellated and segmented into distinct regions, using the FreeSurfer 6.0 software suite (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/), yielding 68 cortical thickness measures, 16 subcortical volume measures and 16 hippocampal subfield volumes (Supplementary Table S2).

MRI scans were conducted on a Siemens Magnetom Verio 3T scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany). A 12-element Head Matrix coil allowed the use of Generalized Autocalibrating Partially Parallel Acquisition (GRAPPA) technique to accelerate acquisitions (PAT factor of 2 was used). Sequence parameters of the 2D Dual Echo TSE (Turbo Spin Echo) sequence were optimized so that “whisper” gradient mode could be used in order to reduce acoustic noise during the scan. Slice thickness was 1 mm in order to acquire isotropic 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 mm voxels. TR time of 12070 ms and effective TE times of 13 ms and 102 ms were used to produce both PD-weighted and T2-weighted images from the same acquisition. The total number of slices was 128. T1-weighted 3D MPRAGE (Magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition Gradient Echo) sequence with isotropic 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 mm voxels was used for anatomical imaging as well. The sequences included DTI imaging (not reported here). Functional MRI consisted of 120 volumes with voxel size 3.0 × 3.0 × 3.0 mm, TR 3000 ms, TE 30 ms, flip angle of 80 ° and 42 axial slices without gaps. Prior to fMRI acquisition, all infants had slept during the 45–50 min required for structural scanning. The total duration of the complete scanning protocol did not exceed 60 min.

The crossmodal visuo‐haptic dot‐surface‐matching fMRI experiment was performed using a Siemens MAGNETOM Verio 3T scanner (Siemens). Standard sequence parameters were used to obtain functional images as follows: T2*‐weighted echo‐planar imaging; repetition time, 2,000 ms; echo time, 25 ms; flip angle, 77°; matrix, 64 × 64; 33 axial slices; field of view, 192 × 192 mm; thickness, 3.0 mm with a 0.6 mm interslice gap that covered the whole brain; and in‐plane resolution, 3.0 × 3.0 mm. After functional image acquisition, T1‐weighted high‐resolution anatomical images were obtained (voxel size, 0.97 × 0.97 × 1.0 mm³).

Brain imaging was performed on all fighters at each study visit with a MAGNETOM Verio 3-T scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a 32-channel head coil. Structural, three-dimensional (3D), T1-weighted, magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo images were acquired using the following sequence: repetition time 2300 msec/echo time 2.98 msec; resolution 1 mm × 1 mm × 1.2 mm. T1-weighted images were analyzed with the open-source brain image processing program FreeSurfer (version 6.0).^{29 (link)} Total brain volume and volumes of specific brain regions including the thalamus, putamen, caudate, amygdala, hippocampus, lateral ventricles, and anterior/middle/posterior corpus callosum were segmented using FreeSurfer's automated full-brain segmentation process following image acquisition. Only images with a signal-to-noise ratio ≥16 and identified as having high-quality cortical reconstruction by FreeSurfer's quality analysis tools were included for analysis. This signal-to-noise ratio of 16 was selected based on pilot observations from randomly selected participants demonstrating that no manual corrections were required with a signal-to-noise ratio ≥16, as previously reported in this population.^{30 (link)}