Astressin 2 b

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Astressin 2-B is a laboratory reagent used in research applications. It is a selective corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 (CRF2) receptor antagonist. Astressin 2-B is commonly used in in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the role of CRF2 receptors in various physiological and pathological processes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Antalarmin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Astressin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Anakinra, by BioVitrum (2 mentions) Normal goat igg, by R&D Systems (1 mentions) Il 1β, by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Interleukin 6 (il 6), by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Rat human crf, by Peptide Institute (1 mentions) Ng nitro l arginine methyl ester l name, by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Sulpiride, by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Naloxone hydrochloride, by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Domperidone, by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Bicuculline, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

5 protocols using astressin 2 b

Culturing Human Dermal Papilla and Outer Root Sheath Cells

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Three individual patients originated cells were used for the studies. Human DPC culture was established according to the method of Warren [44 (link)] with modifications. Cells were cultured in CnT Basal medium 2 containing two supplements (CnT-05.A and CnT-05.B) (CELLnTEC, Huissen, The Netherlands) with 1× antibiotic-antimycotic and incubated at 37 °C under 5% CO₂.
For human ORSC culture, HFs were isolated from the dermis and attached to dishes coated with collagen type I. Outgrowing ORSCs were cultured in Keratinocyte SFM (Invitrogen-Gibco-BRL) at 37 °C under 5% CO₂.
Cells were exposed to varying concentrations of CRF for up to 72 h at 37 °C. Materials including receptor antagonists were added 1 h before hormone treatments. Antalarmin (Sigma-Aldrich) and astressin 2-B (Sigma-Aldrich) were used as CRFR1- and CRFR2-specific antagonists, respectively.

Lee E.Y., Nam Y.J., Kang S., Choi E.J., Han I., Kim J., Kim D.H., An J.H., Lee S., Lee M.H, & Chung J.H. (2020). The local hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in cultured human dermal papilla cells. BMC Molecular and Cell Biology, 21, 42.

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Investigating Myometrial Cell Response to CRH

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The subcultured human myometrial smooth muscle cells (HSMCs) were shifted again to 6-well dishes, and after culture to at least 50% confluency, they were treated with CRH (Sigma-Aldrich) for 24 hours. When cells were treated with CRH for 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, the results for 12 hours and more were similar and therefore a consistent treatment duration of 24 hours was chosen for convenience. To determine the changes in blood CRH concentration during pregnancy, we treated cells with 6 different concentrations; the final concentrations of CRH in each well were 0, 1, 10, 10², 10³, and 10⁴ pmol/L. The cells were pretreated with a CRH receptor-1 antagonist (antalarmin) and a CRH receptor-2 antagonist (astressin 2b) (Sigma-Aldrich) for 1 hour, at a concentration of 10⁻⁷ mol/L, before CRH treatment.

Kim J.Y., Wu W.H., Jun J.H., Sohn J, & Seo Y.S. (2017). Effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone on the expression of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels (Kir6.1/SUR2B) in human term pregnant myometrium. Obstetrics & Gynecology Science, 61(1), 14-22.

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Cytokine Modulation in Rat Study

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LPS obtained from Escherichia coli with the serotype 055:B5, human Ucn2 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), anakinra (Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, Stockholm, Sweden), IL-1β and IL-6 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan) were dissolved in normal saline. Astressin, Astressin2-B (Sigma-Aldrich) and cortagine (PolyPeptide Laboratories, Torrance, CA, USA) were dissolved in double-distilled water. Goat anti-rat IL-6 neutralizing antibody and normal goat IgG (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) were dissolved in sterile phosphate buffered saline. The doses of the chemicals were determined according to the previous reports [13, [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] . The volume of injection was 0.2 ml/rat.

Nozu T., Miyagishi S., Nozu R., Takakusaki K, & Okumura T. (2017). Lipopolysaccharide induces visceral hypersensitivity: role of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor in rats. Journal of gastroenterology, 52(1).

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Rat/Human Stress Receptor Agonists and Antagonists

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A rat/human CRF (Peptide Institute Inc., Asagi, Japan), human urocortin 2, a selective CRF 2 agonist (Bachem AG, Bubendorf, Switzerland), LPS obtained from Escherichia coli with the serotype 055:B5 (Sigma-Aldrich) and anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist (Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, Stockholm, Sweden) were dissolved in normal saline. Astressin, a non-selective CRF receptor antagonist, Astressin 2 -B, a selective CRF 2 antagonist (Sigma-Aldrich) and cortagine, a selective CRF 1 agonist (PolyPeptide Laboratories, Torrance, CA, USA) were dissolved in double-distilled water. The doses of the chemicals were determined according to the previous reports (Santos et al. 1999 (link), Nozu et al. 2017b,c) . The volume of injection was 0.2 mL/rat. Additionally, eritoran tetrasodium, a TLR4 antagonist (a kind gift from Eisai Inc., Andover, MA, USA) was dissolved in PBS with the concentration of 3.5 mg/mL. LPS was subcutaneously injected. Other drugs were administered via intraperitoneal route.

Nozu T., Miyagishi S., Nozu R., Takakusaki K, & Okumura T. (2018). Altered colonic sensory and barrier functions by CRF: roles of TLR4 and IL-1. The Journal of endocrinology, 239(2).

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DHEA-S and CRF Receptor Antagonism

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DHEA-S sodium hydrate (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan), LPS obtained from Escherichia coli with the serotype 055:B5 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), rat/human CRF (Peptide Institute Inc., Asagi, Japan), N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor, naloxone hydrochloride, an opioid receptor antagonist and domperidone (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan), a peripheral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist were dissolved in normal saline. Sulpiride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and bicuculline (Sigma-Aldrich), a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor antagonist was dissolved in saline containing 10 % dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Astressin2-B, a selective CRF receptor subtype 2 (CRF2) antagonist (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in double-distilled water. The doses of the chemicals were determined according to the previous reports (Nozu et al., 2017a (Nozu et al., , 2019;; Nozu et al., 2017b; Samardzic et al., 2017) .
The volume of injection was 0.2 ml/rat. DHEA-S, L-NAME, CRF or Astressin2-B was intraperitoneally injected. Other chemicals were administered via subcutaneous route.

Nozu T., Miyagishi S., Nozu R., Takakusaki K, & Okumura T. (2019). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate improves visceral sensation and gut barrier in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome. European journal of pharmacology, 852.

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