Brivo ct 385

A total of 167 pre-contrast CT scans (instruments used were as follows: Alexion, TSX-034A, Canon Medical System Europe B.V. and Zoetermeer, Netherlands; Revolution ACT, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA; and Brivo CT385, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) of 167 dogs were randomly collected from multiple centers. Among the 167 pre-contrast CT scans, 34,655 transverseimages from 76 CT scans included kidney calculi, and were used for training and validation. The imaging protocols were as follows; 120 kVp, 150 mAs, 512 × 512 matrix and 0.75 rotation time (Alexion); 120 kVp, 84 mAs, 512 × 512 matrix, and 1 rotation time (Revolution ACT); and 120 kVp, 69 mAs, 512 × 512 matrix, and 1 rotation time (Brivo CT385). The slice thickness of the CT scans included in the study varied from 0.75 mm to 2.5 mm. Postcontrast CT scans were not included in the present study.
The precontrast CT images included in this study were divided into training and validation data at a ratio of 80 to 20. Therefore, a total of 61 CT scans were randomly chosen as the training data and 15 CT scans were used as the validation data. The CT scans of dogs without medical records were excluded from the study. In addition, scans with motion artifacts, without volume information, or with an axis smaller than a certain size were excluded.

After fixation, the extension of the pathology in lungs was assessed by 16-slice multi-detector CT scanner (Brivo CT-385, GE Healthcare, UK) as previously described [13 (link)]. Briefly, volume rendering (VR) was employed to calculate the whole volume of each lung. Different density patterns (calcified lesions, cavitary lesions and solid lesions) were used to settle down tuberculous lesions in lungs, and to determine its volume by 2D, 3D images and VR, using multiplanar reconstructions. Calcified lesions were selected by their Hounsfield units (range 80–300 HU) and the total volume of them was calculated.

A triple‐phase CT examination of the abdomen was performed in all dogs. For CT examination, a 16‐row multislice CT scanner (Brivo CT385; GE Healthcare, Fairfield, NJ) was used. The dogs underwent general anesthesia for CT examination. Dogs were premedicated with butorphanol tartrate (0.25 mg/kg, IV) and atropine sulfate (0.01 mg/kg, IV), and induction of anesthesia was achieved with IV administration of propofol (3 mg/kg) after pre‐oxygenation. After induction, endotracheal intubation was performed, and anesthesia was maintained with inhaled isoflurane (1.6%‐2.0%). Ephedrine hydrochloride (1 mg/kg, IV bolus as necessary) was used to maintain blood pressure. Iohexol contrast medium (300 mgI/mL; Omnipaque 300; Daiichi Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan) was injected (2.0 mL/kg, iv) at 0.1 mL/kg/s. The images were taken at the times of the arterial phase (20 seconds), portal phase (40 seconds), and equilibrium phase (120 seconds); the settings used were 120 kVp, 200 mA, and 1.2‐mm collimation. Imaging software (OsiriX; Pixmeo, Bernex, Switzerland) was used to reconstruct the three‐dimensional CT angiography, identify the feeding vessels to the tumor, and determine whether TAE could be performed.
In addition, for cases in which biopsy had not been performed, fine needle aspiration biopsy, Tru‐Cut needle biopsy, or laparoscopic biopsy was performed at the same time as CT examination.

Samples of blood with EDTA collected at the arrival of the animals were subjected to a haematological study, using an automatic haematological counter Vet-ABC (DIVASA-FARMAVIC S.A., Barcelona, Spain). Measured parameters were RBC (red blood cell count), PCV (packed cell volume), MCV (mean corpuscular volume) and leucocytes. In addition, microscopic evaluation of blood smears stained with quick panoptic was performed in order to perform a leucocyte formula.
As required, different diagnostic imaging techniques were performed. The devices used were: a thermographic camera: FLIR E63900, T198547 (FLIR Systems AB, Täby, Sweeden), a portable ultrasound machine: VET EICKCMEYER Magic 5000 3.5–5 MHz (Eickemeyer, Tuttlingen, Germany) and a computed tomography: 2-slice CT scanner (BRIVO CT385, General Electric Healthcare, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India).