Smart orbit spectrometer

The magnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetization measurements. The FTIR spectra were recorded over the range of 400–4,000 cm⁻¹ on a Thermo Nicolet Nexus, Smart Orbit spectrometer using the KBr disk method. X-ray diffraction spectra were obtained in the range of 20–70 degrees using an XRD-6000 diffractometer (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) with CuK_α radiation (λ 1.5406 Å) at 30 kV and 30 mA. Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out using a Metter-Toledo 851e instrument (Greifensee, Switzerland) with a heating rate of 10°C per minute in 150 μL alumina crucibles and in the range of 30°C–900°C. A scanning electron microscope (Nova™ NanoSEM 230; FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) was used to observe the surface morphology of the samples. Magnetic properties were evaluated using a 7404 vibrating sample magnetometer Lake Shore Cryotronics Inc (Westerville, OH, USA). Ultraviolet-visible spectra were measured to determine the controlled release which was performed using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA).

The magnetic property of the samples was evaluated using Lake Shore 7404 vibrating sample magnetometer (Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc., Westerville, OH, USA). The thermal analyses of the materials were performed using Mettler Toledo thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) instruments with a heating rate of 10°C per minute at temperature 20°C–1,000°C under nitrogen atmosphere (N₂ flow rate 50 mL per minute). Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns were used to determine the crystal structures of the samples over a range of 5°–70°, using an XRD-6000 diffractometer (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) with CuKα radiation (λ =1.5406 Å) at 30 kV and 30 mA. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the materials were recorded over a range of 400–4,000 cm⁻¹, using a Nexus, Smart Orbit spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and KBr disk method. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer (Shimadzu 1650 series; Shimadzu) was used to determine the optical and controlled-release properties of PTA from PTA-CS-MNP nanocomposite. The mean particle size and size distribution were determined using a transmission electron microscope (Hitachi H-7100; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 80 and 200 kV.

The infrared spectrum was obtained by gently mixing samples with potassium bromide agate (Al-Qubaisi et al., 2013b ). Both raw materials (clausenidin and HβCD), physical mixture and inclusion complex were analyzed on a Thermo Nicolet Nexus, Smart Orbit spectrometer.