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Paraformaldehyde 2.5 glutaraldehyde

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Paraformaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde is a fixative solution used in electron microscopy and histological sample preparation. It is a mixture of two cross-linking agents, paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, which work to preserve the structure and ultrastructure of biological specimens.

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Lab products found in correlation

Eponate 12 resin, by Ted Pella (8 mentions) Ultracut uct ultramicrotome, by Leica (7 mentions) 1200 ex transmission electron microscope, by JEOL (6 mentions) Osmium tetroxide, by Ted Pella (6 mentions) Amt 8 megapixel digital camera, by Advanced Microscopy Techniques (6 mentions) Amt image capture engine v602, by Advanced Microscopy Techniques (5 mentions) Aqueous uranyl acetate, by Ted Pella (4 mentions) Aqueous uranyl acetate, by Electron Microscopy Sciences (3 mentions) Uranyl acetate, by JEOL (3 mentions) Osmium tetroxide, by Polysciences (2 mentions) 1200 ex 2 transmission electron microscope, by JEOL (2 mentions) Image capture engine v602, by Advanced Microscopy Techniques (1 mentions) 8 megapixel digital camera, by Advanced Microscopy Techniques (1 mentions) Ultracut uct 7 ultramicrotome, by Leica (1 mentions)

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Glutaraldehyde (64 citations)

8 protocols using paraformaldehyde 2.5 glutaraldehyde

1

Ultrastructural Analysis of Biological Samples

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For ultrastructural analyses, samples were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde (Ted Pella Inc, Redding, CA) in 100 mM sodium cacodylate buffer for 2hr at room temperature and then overnight at 4°C. Samples were washed in sodium cacodylate buffer and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (Ted Pella Inc.) for 1hr at room temperature. After three washes in dH2O, samples were stained en bloc in 1% aqueous uranyl acetate (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA) for 1 hr. Samples were then rinsed in dH20, dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol, and embedded in Eponate 12 resin (Ted Pella Inc). Ultrathin sections were cut to a thickness of 95nm with a Leica Ultracut UCT ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystems Inc., Bannockburn, IL), stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and viewed on a JEOL 1200 EX transmission electron microscope (JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, MA) equipped with an AMT 8-megapixel digital camera and AMT Image Capture Engine V602 software (Advanced Microscopy Techniques, Woburn, MA).
Caparon M., Xu W., Bradstreet T., Zou Z., Hickerson S., Zhou Y., He H, & Edelson B. (2023). Reprogramming Short-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism Mitigates Tissue Damage for Streptococcus pyogenes Necrotizing Skin Infection. Research Square.
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2

Ultrastructural Analysis of Biological Samples

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For ultrastructural analyses, tissue samples were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde (Ted Pella Inc) in 100 mmol/L sodium cacodylate buffer for 2 hours at room temperature and then overnight at 4°C. Samples were washed in sodium cacodylate buffer and postfixed in 2% osmium tetroxide (Ted Pella Inc) for 1 hour at room temperature. After 3 washes in dH2O, samples were en bloc stained in 1% aqueous uranyl acetate (Electron Microscopy Sciences) for 1 hour. Samples were then rinsed in dH20, dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol, and embedded in Eponate 12 resin (Ted Pella Inc). Sections of 95 nm were cut with a Leica Ultracut UCT ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystems Inc), stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and viewed on a JEOL 1200 EX transmission electron microscope (JEOL USA Inc) equipped with an AMT 8 megapixel digital camera and AMT Image Capture Engine V602 software (Advanced Microscopy Techniques). Processing and imaging was performed at the Molecular Microbiology Imaging Facility at Washington University School of Medicine.
Evans S., Ma X., Wang X., Chen Y., Zhao C., Weinheimer C.J., Kovacs A., Finck B., Diwan A, & Mann D.L. (2022). Targeting the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway in a Pathophysiologically Relevant Murine Model of Reversible Heart Failure. JACC: Basic to Translational Science, 7(12), 1214-1228.
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3

Ultrastructural Analysis of Tissue Samples

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For ultrastructural analyses, tissue sections were deparaffinized in three changes of xylene followed by rehydration in a graded series of ethanol. The tissue samples were then refixed in 2% paraformaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde (Ted Pella Inc.) in 100 mM sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2 for 2 h at room temperature. Samples were washed in sodium cacodylate buffer and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (Polysciences Inc.) for 1 h. Samples were then rinsed extensively in dH20 prior to en bloc staining with 1% aqueous uranyl acetate (Ted Pella Inc., Redding, CA) for 1 h. Following several rinses in dH20, samples were dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol and embedded in Eponate 12 resin (Ted Pella Inc.). Sections of 95 nm were cut with a Leica Ultracut UCT ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystems Inc., Bannockburn, IL), stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and viewed on a JEOL 1200 EX transmission electron microscope (JEOL USA Inc) equipped with an AMT 8-megapixel digital camera and AMT Image Capture Engine V602 software (Advanced Microscopy Techniques).
Xu W., Qadir M.M., Nasteska D., de Sa P.M., Gorvin C.M., Blandino-Rosano M., Evans C.R., Ho T., Potapenko E., Veluthakal R., Ashford F.B., Bitsi S., Fan J., Bhondeley M., Song K., Sure V.N., Sakamuri S.S., Schiffer L., Beatty W., Wyatt R., Frigo D.E., Liu X., Katakam P.V., Arlt W., Buck J., Levin L.R., Hu T., Kolls J., Burant C.F., Tomas A., Merrins M.J., Thurmond D.C., Bernal-Mizrachi E., Hodson D.J, & Mauvais-Jarvis F. (2023). Architecture of androgen receptor pathways amplifying glucagon-like peptide-1 insulinotropic action in male pancreatic β cells. Cell reports, 42(5), 112529.
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4

Ultrastructural Analysis of iMGLs

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For ultrastructural analyses, iMGLs were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde (Ted Pella Inc., Redding, CA) in 100 mM sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2 for 2 h at RT. Samples were washed in sodium cacodylate buffer and postfixed in 2% osmium tetroxide (Ted Pella Inc) for 1 h at RT. After rinsing extensively in dH2O, samples were then bloc stained with 1% aqueous uranyl acetate (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA). Samples were washed in dH2O, dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol, and embedded in Eponate 12 resin (Ted Pella Inc). Sections of 95 nm were cut with a Leica Ultracut UCT ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystems Inc., Bannockburn, IL), stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and viewed on a JEOL 1200 EX transmission electron microscope (JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, MA) equipped with an AMT 8 megapixel digital camera and AMT Image Capture Engine V602 software (Advanced Microscopy Techniques, Woburn, MA). Multivesicular bodies (MVB) and lipid droplets analyses were performed with ImageJ (Fiji) and the number of MVB and lipid droplets was counted per cell area.
Filipello F., You S.F., Mirfakhar F.S., Mahali S., Bollman B., Acquarone M., Korvatska O., Marsh J.A., Sivaraman A., Martinez R., Cantoni C., De Feo L., Ghezzi L., Minaya M.A., Renganathan A., Cashikar A.G., Satoh J.I., Beatty W., Iyer A.K., Cella M., Raskind W.H., Piccio L, & Karch C.M. (2023). Defects in lysosomal function and lipid metabolism in human microglia harboring a TREM2 loss of function mutation. Acta Neuropathologica, 145(6), 749-772.
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5

Ultrastructural Analysis of Oviducts

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For ultrastructural analysis, oviducts were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde (Ted Pella Inc., Redding, CA) in 100 mM cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2 for 1 hr at room temperature and then overnight at 4°C. Samples were washed in cacodylate buffer and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (Ted Pella Inc.) for 1 hr. Samples were then rinsed extensively in dH20 prior to en bloc staining with 1% aqueous uranyl acetate (Ted Pella Inc.) for 1 hr. Following several rinses in dH20, samples were dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol and embedded in Eponate 12 resin (Ted Pella Inc.). For initial evaluation semithin sections (0.5 μm) were cut with a Leica Ultracut UCT7 ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystems Inc., Bannockburn, IL) and stained with toluidine blue. Sections of 95 nm were then cut and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and viewed on a JEOL 1200 EX II transmission electron microscope (JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, MA). Images at magnifications of 3,000X to 30,000X were taken with an AMT 8-megapixel digital camera (Advanced Microscopy Techniques, Woburn, MA).
Popli P., Oestreich A.K., Maurya V.K., Rowen M.N., Masand R., Holtzman M.J., Zhang Y., Lydon J., Akira S., Moley K.H, & Kommagani R. (2024). The autophagy protein, ATG14 safeguards against unscheduled pyroptosis activation to enable embryo transport during early pregnancy. bioRxiv.
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6

Ultrastructural Analysis of Intestinal Samples

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For ultrastructural analyses, in vitro-grown differentiated polarized monolayers of human ileal enteroid samples, as well as mouse intestinal biopsy samples, were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde (Ted Pella, Inc., Redding, CA) in 100 mM sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2 for 2 h at room temperature and then overnight at 4 °C. Samples were washed in sodium cacodylate buffer and postfixed in 2% osmium tetroxide (Ted Pella, Inc) 1 h at room temperature. Samples were then rinsed in dH20, dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol, and embedded in Eponate 12 resin (Ted Pella, Inc.). Sections of 95 nm were cut with a Leica Ultracut UCT ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystems Inc., Bannockburn, IL), stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and viewed on a JEOL 1200 EX transmission electron microscope (JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, MA) equipped with an AMT 8 megapixel digital camera and AMT Image Capture Engine V602 software (Advanced Microscopy Techniques, Woburn, MA). Images were analyzed using ImageJ software for microvilli length and structures.
Sheikh A., Tumala B., Vickers T.J., Martin J.C., Rosa B.A., Sabui S., Basu S., Simoes R.D., Mitreva M., Storer C., Tyksen E., Head R.D., Beatty W., Said H.M, & Fleckenstein J.M. (2022). Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin drives enteropathic changes in small intestinal epithelia. Nature Communications, 13, 6886.
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7

Ultrastructural Analysis of Corpus Callosum

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Animals were transcardially perfused with 20mL of PBS. The left hemisphere was dropped fixed in 4% PFA for immunohistochemistry analysis. A 1mm slice cut from the medial side of the right hemisphere was fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde (Ted Pella Inc., Redding, CA) in 100mM cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2 for 2 hours at room temperature and then overnight at 4°C. Samples were washed in cacodylate buffer and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (Ted Pella Inc.) for 1 hour. Samples were then rinsed extensively in dH20 prior to en bloc staining with 1% aqueous uranyl acetate (Ted Pella Inc.) for 1 hour. Following several rinses in dH20, samples were dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol and embedded in Eponate 12 resin (Ted Pella Inc.). Sections of 95nm were cut with a Leica Ultracut UCT ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystems Inc., Bannockburn, IL), stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and viewed on a JEOL 1200 EX II transmission electron microscope (JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, MA) equipped with an AMT 8 megapixel digital camera (Advanced Microscopy Techniques, Woburn, MA). 5000X and 15000X images of corpus callosum were taken for analysis. G-ratio (diameter of axon divided by the diameter of axon plus myelin) was quantified using MyelTracer Software [https://github.com/HarrisonAllen/MyelTracer].
Barclay K.M., Abduljawad N., Cheng Z., Kim M.W., Zhou L., Yang J., Rustenhoven J., Perez J.M., Smyth L., Beatty W., Hou J., Saligrama N., Colonna M., Yu G., Kipnis J, & Li Q. (2023). An inducible genetic tool for tracking and manipulating specific microglial states in development and disease. bioRxiv.
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8

Ultrastructural Analysis of Tissue Samples

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For ultrastructural analyses, tissue sections were deparaffinized in three changes of xylene followed by rehydration in a graded series of ethanol. The tissue samples were then refixed in 2% paraformaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde (Ted Pella Inc.) in 100 mM sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2 for 2 h at room temperature. Samples were washed in sodium cacodylate buffer and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (Polysciences Inc.) for 1 h. Samples were then rinsed extensively in dH20 prior to en bloc staining with 1% aqueous uranyl acetate (Ted Pella Inc., Redding, CA) for 1 h. Following several rinses in dH20, samples were dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol and embedded in Eponate 12 resin (Ted Pella Inc.). Sections of 95 nm were cut with a Leica Ultracut UCT ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystems Inc., Bannockburn, IL), stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and viewed on a JEOL 1200 EX transmission electron microscope (JEOL USA Inc) equipped with an AMT 8-megapixel digital camera and AMT Image Capture Engine V602 software (Advanced Microscopy Techniques).
Xu W., Qadir M.M., Nasteska D., de Sa P.M., Gorvin C.M., Blandino-Rosano M., Evans C.R., Ho T., Potapenko E., Veluthakal R., Ashford F.B., Bitsi S., Fan J., Bhondeley M., Song K., Sure V.N., Sakamuri S.S., Schiffer L., Beatty W., Wyatt R., Frigo D.E., Liu X., Katakam P.V., Arlt W., Buck J., Levin L.R., Hu T., Kolls J., Burant C.F., Tomas A., Merrins M.J., Thurmond D.C., Bernal-Mizrachi E., Hodson D.J, & Mauvais-Jarvis F. (2023). Architecture of androgen receptor pathways amplifying glucagon-like peptide-1 insulinotropic action in male pancreatic β cells. Cell reports, 42(5), 112529.
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