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6 protocols using bde 153

1

Brominated Flame Retardants and Estrogen Exposure

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BDE-47 [bromine substitution pattern 2,2′,4,4′], BDE-100 [2,2′,4,4′,6], and BDE-153 [2,2′,4,4′,5,5′] were purchased from AccuStandard, Inc. 17β-estradiol (E2) (Sigma-Aldrich Coporation, St. Louis, MO) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO 99.7%; Sigma-Aldrich Corporation [St. Louis, MO]) were purchased.
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2

Measurement of PBDE Exposure Levels

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PBDEs (2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), 2,2’,4,4’,6-pentabromodiphemyl ether (BDE-100), and 2, 2’,4,4’5,5’-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-153)) were purchased from AccuStandard, Inc., New Haven, CT. These were three major PBDE congeners detected in women from the California Teachers Study70 (link). 17β-Estradiol, progesterone, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, St. Louis, MO.
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3

BDE Analysis: Quantification of PBDEs

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Standards of the individual target analytes, including BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209 as well as the internal standard, 13C-BDE-153, were purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT, USA). Silica gel, acetone, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol were obtained from Merck Serono Co., Ltd. (Darmstadt Germany). Water was purified using a Milli-Q integral water purification system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA).
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4

Comprehensive Analysis of Persistent Organic Pollutants

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Standard solutions of organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and their metabolites, as well as of organophosphate pesticides (Ops) (see Table 1 for the list of OCs and OPs), were purchased from Restek (Bellefonte, PA, USA). Similarly, standard solutions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., chrysene, benzo(α)anthracene, benzo(β)fluoranthene, and benzo(α)pyrene) were purchased from Restek (Bellefonte, PA, USA). Mixed solutions of PCB congeners (see Table 2 for the list) and CB-209, which was used as an internal standard (IS) for PCBs and PAHs, as well as mixed solutions of PBDE congeners (BDE-28; BDE-33; BDE-47; BDE-99; BDE-100; BDE-153; and BDE-154) and fluorobromodiphenyl ether (FBDE), which was used as IS for flame retardants, were purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT, USA). The standard solutions of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs; see Table 3 for the list), as well as the two 13C-labeled IS of MPFNA and MPFOS, were purchased from AccuStandard (New Haven, USA). The QuEChERS ‘SupelTM QuE Citrate (EN) tubes for extraction and SupelTM QuE-ZSEP (EN) tubes for the clean-up step used for analyses of OCs, OPs, PCBs, PAHs, and PBDEs were purchased from Supelco (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The extraction cartridges used for PFASs analyses (Oasis WAX 3 mL, 60 mg) were provided by Waters (Milford, MA, USA).
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5

Selectivity Assessment of Anti-BDE-47 VHH

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The selectivity of the assay was determined
by cELISA to examine the activity of the anti-BDE-47 VHH toward structurally
related BDE congeners and other contaminants. The analytes included
BDE-99 (98% purity, AccuStandard, New Haven, CT), BDE-100 (98% purity,
AccuStandard), BDE-143 (98% purity, AccuStandard), BDE-153 (98% purity,
AccuStandard), BDE-183 (98% purity, AccuStandard), 5′-OH-BDE-47
(98% purity, AccuStandard), 6′-OH-BDE-47 (98% purity, AccuStandard),
tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA; 97% purity), bisphenol A (99% purity),
triclosan (97% purity), and triclocarban (99% purity). All of these
analytes were employed at the highest soluble concentration in PBS
buffer containing 40% DMSO. Serial dilutions were performed in this
same buffer. Plates were coated at 1 μg/mL of C2-BSA and blocked
with 0.5% BSA in PBST, as described above. The final VHH antibody
concentration in each well was 0.5 μg/mL. Cross-reactivity (CR)
values were defined as
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6

Photochemical Degradation of BDE-153

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BDE-153 (50 mg L À1 in isooctane; see structure in Fig. 1) was purchased from Accustandard (New Haven, CT, USA). Isopropyl alcohol (IPA), sorbic acid (SA), H 2 O 2 (30%) and acetophenone (AP) were obtained from Aladdin Industrial Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Sodium azide (NaN 3 , 99.5%), rose bengal (RB, 93%) and furfuryl alcohol (FFA, 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and Pony Lake fulvic acid (PLFA) were purchased from the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS, Denver, CO, USA). The 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP, 99%, Sigma Aldrich) and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO, 97%, Sigma Aldrich) were stored at À20 C and used as spin traps for 1 O 2 and OH/O 2 , respectively. HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from Merck Company (Darmstadt, Germany). All chemical reagents were analytical grade. Ultrapure water (18 MU) was obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, USA).
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