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9 protocols using deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide

1

Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition

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All chemicals were used as provided without further purification unless noted otherwise. Tetrahydrofuran, triethylamine, oxalyl chloride, propargyl amine, sodium ascorbate, neocuproine, hexa (ethylene glycol) dithiol, glycerol ethoxylate, PEG 600 diol and hexafluorobenzene were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Deuterobenzene, deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide and deuterochloroform were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (CIL). Copper(II) acetate was obtained from Acros Organics and 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) from TCI. TBTA was synthesized following a previously published procedure.43 Perfluorotripropylamine (FC 3283), methoxyperfluorobutane (HFE 7100), 2-(Trifluoromethyl)-3-ethoxydodecafluorohexane (HFE 7500) and Krytox FSH were obtained from Miller-Stephenson. Acetonitrile was obtained from EMD and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) from Alfa-Aesar. Thiourea was purchased from Chem-Impex International and ethanol, methanol, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid were obtained from Macron Fine Chemicals.
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2

Fluorinated Clickable Polymer Synthesis

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All chemicals were used as provided without further purification unless noted otherwise. Tetrahydrofuran, triethylamine, oxalyl chloride, propargyl amine, sodium ascorbate, neocuproine, hexa (ethylene glycol) dithiol, glycerol ethoxylate, PEG 600 diol and hexafluorobenzene were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Deuterobenzene, deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide and deuterochloroform were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (CIL). Copper(ii) acetate was obtained from Acros Organics and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) from TCI. TBTA was synthesized following a previously published procedure.43 Perfluorotripropylamine (FC 3283), methoxyperfluorobutane (HFE 7100), 2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-ethoxydodecafluorohexane (HFE 7500) and Krytox FSH were obtained from Miller-Stephenson. Acetonitrile (MeCN) was obtained from EMD and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) from Alfa-Aesar. Thiourea was purchased from Chem-Impex International and ethanol, methanol, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid were obtained from Macron Fine Chemicals.
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of CPTEG:CPH Copolymer Nanoparticles

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For the synthesis of the 1,6-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane (CPH) and 1,8-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane (CPTEG) monomers and the corresponding 20:80 CPTEG:CPH copolymer, and the ivermectin and doxycycline-loaded nanoparticles, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetone, acetonitrile, chloroform, dimethyl formamide, ethyl ether, hexane, methylene chloride, pentane, petroleum ether, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, and toluene were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fairlawn, NJ). The chemicals 1,6-dibromohexane, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, hydroxybenzoic acid, N,N-dimethylacetamide, sebacic acid, and tri-ethylene glycol were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The chemical 4-p-fluorobenzonitrile was purchased from Apollo Scientific (Cheshire, UK). For 1H NMR analysis deuterated chloroform and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA). Rhodamine B, a fluorescent dye, and the drugs, ivermectin and doxycycline, were purchased from Sigma Life Science (St. Louis, MO).
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4

Characterization of Ureidopyrimidinone-Modified Gelatin

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Ureidopyrimidinone, gelatin and ureidopyrimidinone substituted gelatin derivatives were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy for chemical analysis using AVANCE I 400 MHz spectrometer. For 1H NMR spectral analysis of ureidopyrimidinone, sample was prepared by mixing 10 mg of ureidopyrimidinone powder in 700 μl deuterated chloroform. Gelatin and ureidopyrimidinone modified gelatin derivative samples were prepared by mixing 10 mg of powder sample in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (Cambridge Isotope laboratories, Inc). Further samples were loaded in NMR tubes to obtain 1H NMR spectrum. Samples were scanned from 0 ppm to 10 ppm at 400 MHz frequency.
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5

Oxidation and Cyclization of Levoglucosenone

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Levoglucosenone was graciously provided by the Circa Group. Potassium carbonate 99% (Acros), hydrogen peroxide 30% (Fischer), diethyl succinate 98% (Alpha Aesar), malonyl chloride 97% (Sigma Aldrich), succinyl chloride 95% (Sigma Aldrich), adipoyl chloride 98% (Sigma Aldrich), glutaryl chloride 97% (Sigma Aldrich), terephthaloyl chloride >99% flakes (Sigma Aldrich) were used without further purification unless mentioned. NMR solvents including deuterated chloroform, deuterated methanol, and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide were purchased from Cambridge Isotopes Laboratories.
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6

Characterization of Synthetic Oligonucleotides

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Acetonitrile (99.7% purity) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. Deuterated chloroform (CDCl3), deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide ((CD3)2SO), and deuterium oxide (D2O) were purchased at 99.9% purity from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories. Methanol (99.8% purity) was purchased from Acros Organics. Linear Polyethylenimine (2500 Da) was purchased from Polysciences, Inc. Pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) were purchased at 85−90% purity, while diethylenetriamine (DETA) was purchased at 99% purity from Sigma Aldrich. N-ethylpropylamine (NEPA) was purchased at 97% purity from Alfa Aesar. Oligonucleotides with the sequence GCACACATCGGACAGTTTGA were purchased from Synbio Technologies. All aqueous samples were prepared in MilliQ (18.2 MΩ) water.
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7

Synthesis of Alkyl Halides and Ionic Compounds

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N,N,N′,N-Tetramethylethylenediamine, n-ethyl bromide, n-butyl bromide, n-hexyl bromide, n-octyl bromide, and n-decyl bromide were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry
Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Trimethylamine hydrochloride, silver tetrafluoroborate
(AgBF4), potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF6), potassium trifluoromethanesulfonate (KOTf), acetone, acetonitrile,
chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, ethyl
acetate, hexane, methanol, and sodium hydroxide were purchased from
FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Potassium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide
(KNTf2) and thymolphthalein were purchased from Kanto Chemicals
Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan), and potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (KFSA)
was supplied by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). The deuterated
chloroform, deuterium oxide, and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide used
in the 1H NMR measurements were purchased from Cambridge
Isotope Laboratories Inc. (Andover). All chemicals were used without
further purification. Water from a Merck KGaA Direct-Q UV system (resistivity
= 18.2 MΩ cm, Darmstadt, Germany) was used in all of the experiments.
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8

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles

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Chemicals needed for monomer synthesis, polymerization, and nanoparticle synthesis included anhydrous (99+%) 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI); 1,6-dibromohexane, 4-p-hydroxybenzoic acid, N,N-dimethylacetamide, triethylene glycol and Span® 80 (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); 4-p-fluorobenzonitrile (Apollo Scientific, Cheshire, UK); acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethyl formamide (DMF), hexanes, methylene chloride, pentane, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, and toluene (Fisher Scientific, Fairlawn, NJ). For NMR characterization, deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA).
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9

Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis

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All reagents were used as received. Sebacic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, dibromohexane, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, meth-acrylic acid (MAA), 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (Irgacure 184), Span 80, CdSeS/ZnS alloyed quantum dotsem = 525 nm), and albumin from chicken egg white were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Sodium hydroxide, acetone, sulfuric acid, acetic anhydride, methylene chloride, hexanes, and pentane were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Hanover Park, IL). Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate (PEGMMA, MW 1000) was purchased from Polysciences Inc. (Warrington, PA), and TAMRA-cadaverine was obtained from Biotium (Fremont, CA). (1-Ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride) (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide and deuterated chloroform were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA). All other solvents and buffers were also obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Reagents used for cell culture were Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), penicillin — streptomycin, and fetal bovine serum from Thermo Fisher Scientific, and L-glutamine from Sigma-Aldrich.
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