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122 protocols using tri 3d bon

1

In Vivo Micro-CT Analysis of Postoperative Soft Tissue Swelling

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In vivo micro-CT was performed immediately after surgery, on postoperative day 2, and every week after surgery until euthanasia (6 weeks). The treated caudal vertebrae were scanned using micro-CT (R_mCT; Rigaku Mechatronics, Tokyo, Japan) at a resolution of 59 μm/voxel in vivo, and the data were collected at 90 kV and 160 μA. Visualization and data reconstruction were conducted using TRI/3D-BON (Ratoc System Engineering, Tokyo, Japan).
To quantify the soft tissue swelling at the surgical sites, the TV was calculated by setting a ROI on micro-CT images as follows: a rectangle including the skin surfaces in the axial width and 5 mm in the longitudinal length that centers the intervertebral disc space (threshold [L = 15500], software; TRI/3D-BON, Ratoc System Engineering, Tokyo, Japan) (Fig. 4a). The ratio of soft tissue swelling was calculated by dividing the TV of the surgical site on postoperative day 2 by the TV, 1 day before surgery.
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2

Quantitative Analysis of Rat Talus Microarchitecture

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Rat left ankle joints fixed in 70% ethanol were scanned using a µ-CT system (TOSCANER-32300μFD, TOSHIBA, Tokyo, Japan). The reconstructed data sets were examined using three-dimensional data analysis software (TRI/3-D-BON, RATOC System Engineering Co., Tokyo, Japan). The volumes of interest were defined in the trabecular zone in the talus bones. To analyze the talus, the following trabecular bone parameters in the whole talus were evaluated: BV/TV, Tb.Th, and Tb.Sp. Moreover, to quantify bone loss, indirect parameters of microarchitecture were also assessed, including MSV, which is the mean volume of all the parts of an object that can be unobscured in all the directions from a point inside the object [35 (link)]. We investigated eroded bone surface per total bone surface on talus and osteophyte volume per whole talus using TRI 3D-BON software (RATOC System Engineering Co., Tokyo, Japan).
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3

Quantitative Bone Microarchitecture Analysis

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After healing periods of 4 weeks (n = 3) and 8 weeks (n = 3), dogs were deeply anesthetized and the oral tissues were fixed by 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde cardiovascular perfusion. Dogs were then sacrificed by isoflurane inhalation overdose. Blocks containing the defect regions along with adjacent soft and hard tissues were dissected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 1 week, and then blocks were scanned and analyzed using a micro–computed tomography (micro-CT) scanner (Scanco Medical AG, Brüttisellen, Zurich, Switzerland) at 80 kV and 116 μA. Slice thickness was 25 μm. Images were reconstructed using a three-dimensional structural analysis software (TRI/3D-BON; Ratoc System Engineering, Tokyo, Japan). The region of interest was placed where the original defect was located, as the borders were visually recognizable. Trabecular bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp), connectivity density (Conn-Den), and structure model index (SMI) were measured.
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4

μCT Analysis of Tooth Replantation

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μCT analysis (Elescan; Nippon Steel Texeng. Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) was used to examine the stages of root development and the morphological changes of the replants in the Opn KO 2W and WT 2W groups at 3, 5, 7, and 14 days following tooth replantation. The CT settings were as follows: pixel matrix, 512 × 512 × 256; slice thickness, 20.67 μm; projection number, 900 × 32; magnification, × 5.3; voltage, 63 kV; and electrical current, 101 μA. The maxillae were reconstructed using a software program (TRI/3D Bon, Ratoc System Engineering, Tokyo, Japan) to evaluate the three-dimensionally reconstructed views of the maxillae including the upper first molars (M1). The untreated teeth from the Opn KO 2W and WT 2W groups were used as the control groups.
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5

Quantifying Bone Microstructure Orientation

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3D data were analyzed using Tri/3D-BON (Ratoc System Engineering), IMARIS 6.3.1 (Bitplane) and ImageJ 1.48v software (National Institutes of Health). Bi-level images were generated based on threshold CT values to extract capillaries and osteocyte lacunae. The direction of the long axis of both segments of blood capillaries and osteocyte lacunae was estimated using the ellipsoid approximation method. The angles between a segment of capillary and the long axes of osteocyte lacunae were calculated from the inner product of two vectors.
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6

Femur Epiphysis Micro-CT Analysis

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Bone morphometry was performed in the region of femur epiphysis. Micro-CT images of the distal femur were obtained using 72-kV and 10-μA irradiation from a high-resolution X-ray tomographic system (ELESCAN, Nittetsu Elex, Osaka, Japan). Bone structure analysis was performed using a software tool (TRI/3D-Bon; RATOC System Engineering, Tokyo, Japan), for the reconstruction of a three-dimensional (3D) image with 222 slices, with 21 μm pitch between slices. Regions of interest (ROI) (3.5 × 3 × 3 mm) were trimmed in all samples. For the bone mineral density (BMD) analysis, density calibration curve was calculated using a standardized Phantom Parameter (RATOC System Engineering). For bone morphometry analysis, the numerical quantitative outcome values were obtained by TRI/3D-Bon software.
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7

Evaluating Bone Formation in Calvaria

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To evaluate the bone-forming capacity of sponges and the quality of newly formed bone, harvested calvaria implanted with or without sponges were assessed using μCT (SMX-130CT; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Samples were scanned with a 55-kV tube voltage and a 90-μA tube current. Images were saved at a resolution of 512 × 512 pixels. Bone mineral density images of samples were vertically and laterally reconstructed using a three-dimensional (3D) image analysis system (TRI/3D-Bon; Ratoc System Engineering, Tokyo, Japan). Bone formation was estimated from BV/TV and BMC/TV, whereas the quality of newly formed bone was estimated from BMC/BV. BMC, which represented calcified bone tissue, was quantified using cylindrical phantoms containing hydroxyapatite (200–1550 mg/cm3).
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8

Micro-CT Analysis of Anti-Rotation Device

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Before and after cyclic loading, micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) images of the anti-rotation device of the external or internal joint system were acquired (HMX-225 Actis4, Tesco, Miyagi, Japan) under the following imaging conditions: tube voltage, 180 kV; tube current, 146 μA. Three-dimensional (3D) structure analysis software (TRI/3D/BON, RATOC System Engineering, Tokyo, Japan) was used to create a 3D reconstruction, and the internal structure was observed.
In addition the degree of deformation was measured at the width of the sleeve in the internal joint system. The width of the sleeve, which was defined as the distance between the corners of each sleeve on the anti-rotation device, was measured on the implant body side. The value obtained was then taken as indicating the degree of deformation of the anti-rotation device (Fig. 5).
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9

Quantifying Tibia Ossification in Embryos

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After fixing, tibia samples were collected from D17 embryos and scanning images were acquired using a 3-D X-ray microscopic CT scanner (TDM-1000, Yamato Scientific Co., Tokyo, Japan) at 60 kV and 70 µA, using a tungsten target. After the segmentation threshold (109 mg/cm3) was set to remove the soft tissue from the total tissue, the degree of ossification was quantified using the micro-CT analysis software TRI/3D-BON (Ratoc System Engineering Co., Tokyo, Japan).
Bone volume (BV, mm3), total tissue volume (TV, mm3), bone surface (BS, mm2), bone volume per total tissue volume (BV/TV, %), bone surface per bone volume (BS/BV, 1/mm), and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD, mg/cm3) were determined by manual calculation.
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10

Quantification of Bone Regeneration by μ-CT

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At 4 weeks after surgery, the femur with bone defect was harvested, and the external fixator and pins were removed from the bone. For quantification of bone regeneration, μ-CT imaging analysis was performed. The femurs were scanned and evaluated using a μ-CT scanner (R_mCT2, RIGAKU, Tokyo, Japan). The region of interest (ROI) was set as 3 mm proximal and distal from the midline of the defect site on sagittal view. Tissue mineral density (TMD), total callus volume (TV), bone mineral content (BMC), and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD; BMC/TV) of the callus were evaluated by TRI/3-D-BON (Ratoc System Engineering, Tokyo, Japan).
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