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Rabbit anti ps6

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Rabbit anti-pS6 is a primary antibody that recognizes the phosphorylated form of the S6 ribosomal protein. S6 is a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit and its phosphorylation is a marker of mTOR pathway activation.

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20 protocols using rabbit anti ps6

1

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Signaling

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Western blot analysis was performed as described previously (12 (link)) using the following antibodies: mouse anti-AKT (BD Biosciences), rabbit anti-pAKT, rabbit anti-p4E-BP1, rabbit anti-4E-BP1, rabbit anti-pS6, mouse anti-S6, rabbit anti-pERK, rabbit anti-ERK, rabbit anti-pan-RAS (Cell Signaling, Beverly, MA, USA). Mouse anti-GAPDH (HyTest, Turku, Finland) or mouse anti-β-Actin (Sigma) were used as loading controls. Goat anti-mouse IgG, donkey anti-goat IgG, goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.), and Goat anti-mouse IgG1 or Goat anti-mouse IgG2b (Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL, USA) conjugated to horseradish peroxidase were used as secondary antibodies. Enhanced chemiluminescence was used for detection (Amersham Bioscience, Freiburg, Germany). Also, donkey anti-mouse IgG or donkey anti-rabbit (LI-COR Biotechnology, Bad Homburg, Germany) labeled with IRDye infrared dyes were used for detection. Representative blots of at least two independent experiments are shown.
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2

Hippocampal Brain Slice Immunolabeling Protocol

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After perfusion, the hippocampal coronal brain slices (50 µm and 150 µm in thickness) were rinsed with 0.4% PBS containing Triton-X (0.4% PBTx) and blocked with 10% donor horse serum in PBS for 1 h at room temperature (RT). Later, the samples were incubated with primary antibodies for 48 h at 4 °C. Samples were washed with 0.4% PBTx three times, 15 min each, and labeled with fluorophore-tagged secondary antibodies for 48 h at 4 °C. Thus, immunolabeled samples were washed with 0.4% PBTx and mounted in Vectashield (H-1000, Vector Laboratories). Primary and secondary antibodies used in this study were rabbit anti-mCherry (1:5,000, Abcam, #167453), chicken anti-GFP (1:3,000, Abcam, #ab13970), rabbit anti-pS6 (1:200, Cell Signaling, #4858), anti-rabbit Cy3 peroxidase AffiniPure donkey anti-rabbit IgG (1:200, Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs, #711-035-152; RRID: AB_10015282), Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated goat anti-chicken IgY (1:200, Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs, #103-545-155; RRID: AB 2337390), and Alexa Fluor 647 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:200, Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs, #111-605-144).
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3

Quantification of Brain p-S6 Immunostaining

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Brain tissues were acutely dissected from the mice under the indicated conditions and immediately fixed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 3.7% paraformaldehyde at room temperature for 4 h. The tissues were cryopreserved in PBS containing 30% sucrose at 4 °C overnight before 16-μm sectioning. Brain sections were then immunostained with rabbit anti-p-S6 (#4858, Cell Signaling Technology), followed by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (#A32790, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Immunostained brain sections were scanned by the Axio Scan Z1. p-S6 immunostaining in the indicated brain regions was quantified by ImageJ (https://imagej.net/ij) and normalized to the control condition of each experiment.
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4

Quantifying HIF1α and p-S6 in Rat Brain

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Rats were anesthetized using 250 mg/kg ketamine and 2% xylazine (10 mg/kg, Sigma-Aldrich) for a duration of 6, 12 or 24 h following surgery, and were subsequently sacrificed by rapid decapitation. The collected brain tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 8 h at 0°C. Fixed brains were paraffin embedded and cut into 2 µm sections using a microtome (Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). Sections were briefly washed with TBS and incubated for 30 min in 3% H2O2 to quench endogenous peroxidase activity. The following primary antibodies: Rabbit anti-HIF1α (1:100; catalog no. sc-10790; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Dallas; Texas; U.S.A) and rabbit anti-p-S6 (1:100; catalog no. 4858; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) were applied overnight at 4°C. Subsequently, sections were washed three times with TBS and then incubated with SignalStain® Boost Immunohistochemistry Detection reagent (1:50; catalog no. 8114; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) for 1 h at room temperature. Sections were then incubated with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China). Finally, the sections were dehydrated, mounted and examined under a light microscope (Leica Microsystems GmbH). Positive cells were counted using Image-Pro Plus software verison 7.0 (Media Cybernetics, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Apoptosis Regulators

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Western blot analysis was performed as described previously [52 (link)] using the following antibodies: mouse anti-caspase-8, mouse anti-NOXA, rat anti-BMF (Alexis Biochemicals, Grünberg, Germany), mouse anti-AKT, mouse anti-BCL-2, mouse anti-BAX, rabbit anti-BAK (BD Bioscience), rabbit anti-caspase-3, mouse anti-caspase-9, rabbit anti-pAKT, rabbit anti-p4E-BP1, rabbit anti-4E-BP1, rabbit anti-pS6, mouse anti-S6, (Cell Signaling, Beverly, MA), rabbit anti-MCL-1 (Stressgene Bioreagents, Victoria, BC). Mouse anti-GAPDH (HyTest, Turku, Finland) or mouse anti-β-Actin (Sigma) were used as loading controls. Goat anti-mouse IgG, donkey anti-goat IgG, goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA)) and Goat anti-mouse IgG1 or Goat anti-mouse IgG2b (Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL) conjugated to horseradish peroxidase were used as secondary antibodies. Enhanced chemiluminescence was used for detection (Amersham Bioscience, Freiburg, Germany). Representative blots of at least two independent experiments are shown.
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6

Immunostaining and Imaging Protocol for Retinal, Optic Nerve, and Brain Tissues

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After transcardial perfusion with saline (0.9% NaCl diluted in ddH2O) followed by 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA), the eyes, optic nerves and brain were harvested and post-fixed in 4% PFA for 24 hours. The eyes were then transferred to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the optic nerve and brain placed in 30% sucrose for cryoprotection. The optic nerve was sectioned using a sledge microtome, cutting longitudinally at 15 μm. The brain was sectioned coronally at 30 μm. All tissue sections were included for analysis. Retinas, optic nerves, and brain tissue were kept at 4° Celsius overnight using the following antibodies: rabbit-anti-RBPMS (PhosphoSolutions, 1:1000), to label RGCs; rabbit- or guinea pig-anti-GFP (SySy; 1:1000), to enhance GFP signal; rabbit-anti-p-S6 (Cell Signaling Technology; 1:250), to label phosphorylated S6 protein; mouse anti-SMI-32 (Sternberger monoclonals, 1:2000) to label alpha and other large soma RGC types; rabbit anti-melanopsin (Advanced Targeting Systems, 1:1000). For secondary detection, Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit or anti-guinea pig (1:1000; Life Technologies), or Alexa Fluor 594 goat anti-rabbit (1:1000; Life Technologies) were used. Immunostained tissues were imaged with with an epifluorescence microscope (Zeiss Axio imager 2 with HR Zeiss camera, 10X and 20X objectives).
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7

Western Blot Analysis of Breast Cancer Cells

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MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were lyzed in MPER (Thermo Scientific, Bleiswijk, The Netherlands) and diluted 1:1 with SDS sample buffer (4% SDS, 20% glycerol, 0.5 mol/l Tris-HCl (pH 6.8), 0.002% bromophenol blue). Lysates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes. Membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C and probed with the following antibodies: rabbit-anti-AKT, rabbit-anti-pAKT (Thr308), rabbit-anti-S6, rabbit-anti-pS6, rabbit-anti-4EBP1 (all Cell Signaling Technologies, Leiden, The Netherlands) in a 1:1000 dilution or anti-HIF1α (BD Biosciences, Breda, The Netherlands) and mouse-anti-actin (MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, USA) in a 1:10,000 dilution. Primary antibodies were stained using HRP-coupled goat anti-rabbit or rabbit anti-mouse IgG and developed with Lumi-Light (Roche, Almere, The Netherlands). Images were captured with the ChemiDoc MP imaging system (Bio-Rad, Veenendaal, The Netherlands) and Image Lab Software.
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8

Comprehensive Antibody Panel for Cellular Protein Analysis

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The antibodies used in this study included: mouse anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-365,062), goat anti-TFE3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-5958), rabbit anti-TFE3 (Abcam, ab93808), mouse anti-4EBP3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-134,232), rabbit anti-pS6 (Cell Signaling Technology, 2215), rabbit anti-RPS6 (Abcam, ab40820), rabbit anti-mTOR (Cell Signaling Technology, 2972), rabbit anti-14-3-3 β/α (Cell Signaling Technology, 9636), rabbit anti-14-3-3 γ (Cell Signaling Technology, 5522), rabbit anti-14-3-3 ζ/δ (Cell Signaling Technology, 7413), rabbit anti-14-3-3 ε (Cell Signaling Technology, 9635), rabbit anti-14-3-3 τ (Cell Signaling Technology, 9638), rabbit anti-14-3-3 η (Cell Signaling Technology, 5521), rabbit anti-LAMP2 (Cell Signaling Technology, 49,067), rabbit anti-β-Tubulin (Cell Signaling Technology, 2146), HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (Cell Signaling Technology, 7074), goat anti-mouse secondary antibody (Boster, BA1050), rabbit anti-goat secondary antibody (Boster, BA1060), Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (Abcam, ab150077), and Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated donkey anti-goat secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, A-11058).
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9

Immunostaining of Skin Sections and Keratinocytes

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Immunofluorescence of human and mouse skin sections and cultured keratinocytes was carried out as previously described (Tang et al,2016). Briefly, skin sections (10 μm) and keratinocytes plated on glass coverslips in 24‐well plates were fixed for 10 min using 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and washed with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) for three times, and then blocked for 30–60 min with blocking buffer (5% NDS, 1% BSA, 0.3% Triton X‐100). Primary antibodies were incubated overnight at 4°C. Alexa Fluor 488‐ or 594‐conjugated secondary antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was incubated for 30–60 min at room temperature. After wash, sections were counterstained with 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI). All pictures were taken with a Zeiss Axioplan 2 microscope. The fluorescence intensity was assessed with ImageJ. The following primary antibodies were used in this study: Rabbit anti‐pS6 (1:200 or 1:800, Cell Signaling, catalog 4858 or 5364), Mouse anti‐pS6 (1:200, Cell Signaling, catalog 62016), Rabbit anti‐Raptor (1:100, Abcam, catalog ab40768), Rabbit anti‐cathelicidin (1:1,000, Human Protein Atlas, catalog HPA029874), Rat anti‐CRAMP (1:1,000, Novus Biologicals, catalog NB100‐98689), Rabbit anti‐p‐Akt (ser473, catalog 4060; 1:200, Cell Signaling), Rabbit anti‐p65 (1:100, Cell Signaling, catalog 8242), and Rabbit anti‐p‐p65 (1:200, Cell Signaling, catalog 3033).
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10

Immunostaining of Hippocampal Sections

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Slide mounted brain sections (two per slide) from dorsal hippocampus were processed for histological studies. Sections were immunostained with the following antibodies: rabbit anti-pS6 (1:500, Cell Signaling), chicken anti-GFP (1:500, Abcam, Boston, MA), rabbit anti-zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) (1:3000, Synaptic Systems, Gottingen, Germany), rabbit anti-Glutamate receptor 2/3 (1:100, Millipore, Temecula, CA), rabbit anti-prox1 (1:1000, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), rabbit anti-GFAP (1:500, Millipore) and rabbit anti-Iba1 (1:1000, Synaptic Systems). AlexaFluor488 goat anti-chicken, AlexaFluor488 goat anti-rabbit, AlexaFluor594 goat anti-rabbit and AlexaFluor647 goat anti-rabbit secondary antibodies were used (Invitrogen, Eugene, OR). Sections were dehydrated in alcohols, cleared in xylenes and coverslips were attached with Krystalon mounting-media (Harleco, Darmstadt, Germany).
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