Vera pamil

Metformin, 2-deoxyglucose, doxorubicin, vera-pamil, digoxin, MTT were all purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotech Co., Ltd.(China). p53 activator AB143228 was purchased from Abcam Company. p53 inhibitor PFTα was obtained from Selleck Chemicals LLC.

Timosaponin AIII (ST11240120), timosaponin BII (ST07210120), sarsasapogenin (ST01110120), mangiferin (ST00350120), neomangiferin (ST00360120), isomangiferin (ST14870105) and baohuoside I (ST07960120) (purity > 98%) were purchased from Nature-standard Inc. (Shanghai, China). Rhodamine-123 was obtained from Sigma Inc. (Marlborough, MA, USA). Verapamil was purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co. (Dalian, China). Carbamazepine was bought from Shanghai ZZBIO Co. (Shanghai, China). Puerarin was purchased from Shanghai Yiyan bio-technology Co. (Shanghai, China). Valspodar was obtained from Delta bio-technology Co. (Nanchang, China). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and 0.25% Trypsin were bought from Corning Inc. (Corning, NY, USA). Penicillin/streptomycin was purchased from Gibco Inc. (Grand Island, NY, USA). Purified water was taken from a Milli-Q system (Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA, USA). All solvents used were HPLC grade, and all chemicals were analytical grade. Transwell polycarbonate inserts (12-well, 0.4 μm pore size) were obtained from Costar Inc. (Washington, DC, USA).