Cell fluorescence was acquired using a Coulter EPICS XL flow cytometer and analyzed using WinMDI version 2.9 software.
For apoptotic analysis 1 × 106 cells were double stained with 20 μL of 7-AAD Viability Dye and 10 μL of Annexin V-FITC for 15 min on ice in the dark (Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD Kit, Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA, USA) and then analyzed on a Coulter EPICS XL equipped with the SYSTEM II software. Annexin V-FITC and 7-AAD emissions were detected in the FL-1 (525 nm) and FL-4 (675 nm) channels, respectively, and their bi-parametric histogram has shown the presence of four distinct populations: the viable cells, the apoptotic cells, the secondary necrotic cells and necrotic cells.