Similar to a protocol described previously [27 (link)], the 3D printed microfluidic droplet maker was fabricated using polyjet 3D printing (Objet Eden 260V Stratasys, Rechovot, Israel). The device was printed layer by layer with a transparent photopolymer (VeroClear RGD810, Stratasys, Rechovot, Israel). During printing, the internal fluid channels were supported using Stratasys, SUP705, which we later removed using a high-pressure washer (RK Top 5, Krumm-tec, Endingen am Kaiserstuhl, Germany). Any remaining material was subsequently dissolved in 1 mol·L−1 sodium hydroxide for approximately 12 h to remove unreacted resin and supporting structures (produced from PolyJet SUP705, Stratasys, Rechovot, Israel). This was achieved by flushing the device. We connected the device using the printed threading for push-in fittings (Riegler, Bad Urach, Germany) and insert tubing to connect to syringe pumps and flush the device from the inlet of the inner phase and the outlet side. The dissolved resin was washed out through the inlets of the middle and continuous phases.
Veroclear rgd810
Manufactured by Stratasys
Sourced in United States
VeroClear RGD810 is a clear, rigid photopolymer material used for 3D printing. It is designed for the Stratasys PolyJet 3D printing process.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
6 protocols using veroclear rgd810
1
3D Printed Microfluidic Droplet Maker
2
Soft-Rigid Sensor Design for Electrical Connections
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As noted in previous work (Mengüç et al., 2014 (link); Shih et al., 2018 ), attaching solid-core wires to soft materials can be difficult and result in an unstable connection because the wire can tear the soft material or gradually shift around. Thus, our solution for effective electrical connections is to combine: (1) soft insertion points for mechanically securing the wires, and (2) additional mechanical relief using an extra loop of wire to wrap around, which reduce the tearing of the electrodes when the sensor experiences strain.
For this sensor design, we included soft holes within the rigid material to function as a mounting point. The hole inFigure 4 connecting the points labeled 1 and 2 is filled during the printing process using the dielectric photopolymer (TangoPlus, FLX930), which provides mechanical relief by restricting the motion of the wire. At 3 and 4, we push the bare wire through the black elastomer and coat the wire and photopolymer interface with silver paste to increase electrical conductivity. In Figure 4 , A represents a rigid photopolymer (VeroClear RGD810, Stratasys), B represents a functional stiffness gradient (consisting of TangoPlus and VeroClear: FLX9050, FLX9070, and FLX9095, Stratasys), and C represents a flexible photopolymer (TangoPlus FLX930, Stratasys).
For this sensor design, we included soft holes within the rigid material to function as a mounting point. The hole in
3
Fabrication of Cylindrical Fiber-Based Devices
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Thirty-nine fiber segments (Oxyphan PP50/200, 3M Wuppertal, Germany) were cut to dimensions of 65 × 65 mm 2 . For each segment, 2 × 3 fibers were removed at a distance of 49 mm, as shown in Figure 1A. The fiber segments were then mounted unidirectionally on four dowel pins and placed in a 3D-printed housing (material: Objet Veroclear RGD 810, printed with a Stratasys Connex3 Objet350). Between the 39 fiber segments, 38 spacers with a height of 100 µm were mounted on the four dowel pins, see Figure 1B. The assembled devices, shown in Figure 1C, were rotated around their vertical axis on a custom-made centrifuge. Silicone (ELASTOSIL RT 625 A/B, Wacker Chemie AG, Germany 24 ) was introduced to reach a fiber bundle diameter of 23 mm, as marked in Figure 1B. The potted fiber ends were reopened to ambient air and gas in-and outlet caps were placed over the open fibers. Three EurOxy devices were manufactured and tested in vitro.
4
Additive Manufacturing of Polymer Samples
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A samples test was produced in VeroClear RGD810™ thermosetting (Stratasys Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) polymer (rigid phase) and the base supports in SUP706B in a Objet30 Prime (Stratasys Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), with a resolution of 32 μm per layer in a single batch. Process parameters were kept constant during the build process. The materials were supplied by the company Stratasys™. Production was carried out under the following conditions: (i) automatic positioning; (ii) “gloss mode” option (i.e., glossy, without supporting material to wrap the piece); (iii) the resins were stored in a controlled environment, to be placed previously in the equipment, according to the supplier’s rules; (iv) supports were removed in a chemical bath of 2% Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and 1% Sodium Metasilicate (Na2SIO3); (v) mechanical tests were performed on samples as produced (no further oven curing).
5
3D-Printed Acrylic Resin Blocks with Simulated Root Canals
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For this study, 1080 acrylic resin blocks with simulated root canals with different canal configurations were produced. The blocks were printed with acrylic resin (VeroClear-RGD810, Stratasys, Eden Prairie, USA) with the 3D precision printer Objet30 Pro (Stratasys, Eden Prairie, USA). This printer can print 16 μm thick layers of acrylic resin with a precision of 100 μm. During and after the printing process the printer heads for predefined control points to measure the dimensional precision of the print and thereby self-controls the quality of the printed product. Nine different root canal configurations were produced out of the possible combinations of three different curvature angles (60°, 45° and 30°) and three different curvature radii (8 mm, 5 mm and 2 mm) according to Schneider’s approach [28 (link)] (Fig 1 ). All root canals had a diameter of 0.15 mm and a length of 18 mm. Also, a pilot study was performed with a production of ten 3D-printed blocks that were then examined thoroughly and found to be identical.
6
SMA-Based Thermoactuated Sensor Fabrication
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SMA wires (200- and 375-μm diameter) have a transition temperature of 70°C (DYNALLOY Inc.). The NiTi spring (Kellog’s Research Labs), with a transition temperature of 45°C, has an original length of 1 cm, but it was then stretched up to 2.4 cm and affixed to two 3D-printed anchor points (VeroClear-RGD810; Objet260 Connex3, Stratasys) by using ultraviolet (UV) curable glue. The outer body spring diameter is 1.65 cm, with a 250-μm-diameter wire. The total number of spring turns is 21. The PI and thermoplastic polyurethane layer were purchased from UBE Industries Ltd. and NSK Echomark, respectively. Common PVC binding sheets were used as the SMA component substrate. A 70-μm-thick Kapton tape was purchased from element14. Copper tape was used to connect the two 375-μm-diameter SMA wires and for further connection of the SMA wires and capacitive sensor to the source power and the LCR meter. The UV curable glue was also used to attach the anchor points on the PVC substrate.
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