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Periodic acid schiff

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Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) is a histochemical staining technique used in microscopy to detect the presence of carbohydrates, particularly polysaccharides, in biological samples. The method involves the oxidation of carbohydrates by periodic acid, followed by the reaction with Schiff's reagent, which produces a magenta-colored stain. This staining process helps to visualize and identify the distribution and localization of carbohydrate-containing structures within tissue samples.

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Lab products found in correlation

Hematoxylin eosin, by Solarbio (2 mentions) Image pro plus version 6, by Media Cybernetics (1 mentions) Digital camera, by Olympus (1 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hematoxylin, by Solarbio (1 mentions) Light microscopy, by Olympus (1 mentions) Oil red o, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Bx53 light microscope, by Olympus (1 mentions) Hematoxylin and eosin kit, by Solarbio (1 mentions) Masson s trichrome, by Sangon (1 mentions) P450 glo cyp1a2 induction inhibition assay, by Promega (1 mentions) 3 methylcholanthracene, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Rifampicin, by Solarbio (1 mentions) Acldl, by Yeasen (1 mentions)

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Glycogen Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS/Hematoxylin) Stain Kit (7 citations) Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Stain Kit (7 citations) Glycogen Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Stain Kit (7 citations) Periodic acid (6 citations) Periodic acid–Schiff's solution (3 citations) Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) stain kit (2 citations) Periodic Acid Schiff Staining Kit (2 citations) Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining (2 citations)

11 protocols using periodic acid schiff

1

Quantitative Analysis of Conjunctival Goblet Cells

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Conjunctival specimens were obtained by surgical biopsy from both control and experimental eyes six months after operation. All dogs, except one, were administered general anesthetic, and a 3 mm3 piece of conjunctiva specimen was excised from the ventral anterior fornix, a most reliable sampling site for quantifying conjunctival goblet cells.18 (link) One canine subject was euthanized to obtain cornea and conjunctiva samples six months after operation.
The specimens were fixed with 10% formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, and then sliced into 5 μm sections. The sections were rehydrated and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The conjunctiva sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS; Solarbio Science & Technology, Beijing, China) to show conjunctival goblet cells. Three fields (magnification ×40) of each specimen were photographed under a light microscope (Leica, Heidelberg, Germany) and analyzed by two independent observers using the Image Pro Plus version 6.0 software (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD, USA). The average number of PAS staining positive cells reflects the quantity of functional goblet cells. The average PAS staining density reflects the stores of intracellular mucin, which is PAS staining positive, indicating the quality of individual goblet cells.
Li Z.Z., Zou Y.P., Zhu H., Zeng W.Z., Ding Y., Su J.Z, & Yu G.Y. (2023). Establishment of a Beagle Dog Model of Dry Eye Disease. Translational Vision Science & Technology, 12(1), 2.
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2

Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Kidney Tissues

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Kidney tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Four-micrometer-thick sections were cut and then stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson and periodic acid-schiff (PAS) (Solarbio, China) according to the manufacturer’s protocols. For immunohistochemical staining, after deparaffinization, rehydration, and antigen repair, the kidney sections were treated with 3% H2O2 for 10 min, blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin (Sigma, United States) for 1 h, and then incubated with specific primary antibodies against GADD45B (1:100; Invitrogen, United States, catalog# PA5-43160), E-Cadherin (1:500; Proteintech, China, catalog# 20874-1-AP), Vimentin (1:500; Proteintech, China, catalog# 10366-1-AP), and α-SMA (1:200; Proteintech, China, catalog# 14395-1-AP) at 4°C overnight. After being washed, the sections were incubated with the secondary antibody for 1 h at 37°C. Finally, diaminobenzidine (Zsbio, China) was added to the slides, which were then counterstained with hematoxylin (Solarbio, China). The pathological changes in kidney tissue and protein expression were viewed under a light microscope with a digital camera (Olympus, Japan).
Xue M., Sun H., Xu R., Wang Y., Guo J., Li X., Cheng Y., Xu C., Tang C., Sun B, & Chen L. (2020). GADD45B Promotes Glucose-Induced Renal Tubular Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Apoptosis via the p38 MAPK and JNK Signaling Pathways. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, 1074.
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3

Histological Analysis of Nasal Tissues

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Referring to the method of Malmhäll et al. [5 (link), 8 (link)], after the collection of NALF, the heads of mice were removed and fixed in 10% formalin solution for 3 days, followed by decalcification in EDTA for 5 days at 25 ± 3 ℃. Before embedding in paraffin wax, the samples were dehydrated with a series of ethyl alcohol and xylene. Nasal tissues were sectioned into 5 μm thickness and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) (Sigma-Aldich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for the examination of general morphology, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) (Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China) for goblet cell hyperplasia and Giemsa (Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China) for eosinophil and mast cell infiltration. The number of goblet cells, eosinophils, and mast cells were counted, and epithelial damage was analyzed in randomly selected fields under 400 × magnification.
Liao C., Han Y., Chen Z, & Baigude H. (2021). The extract of black cumin, licorice, anise, and black tea alleviates OVA-induced allergic rhinitis in mouse via balancing activity of helper T cells in lung. Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology : Official Journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 17, 87.
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4

Histological Evaluation of Liver Injury

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For histological observations, formalin-fixed liver tissues were embedded in paraffin and then cut into 5-μm thick sections. To detect liver injury, the samples were mounted on glass microscope slides and stained with haematoxylin & eosin (H&E), Sirius Red (Bestbio, China), and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) (Solarbio, China) for histological evaluation. Sirius Red and PAS staining protocols were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Xie Y., Hu B., Gao Y., Tang Y., Chen G., Shen J., Jiang Z., Jiang H., Han J., Yan J, & Jin L. (2022). Yap signalling regulates ductular reactions in mice with CRISPR/Cas9-induced glycogen storage disease type Ia. Animal Cells and Systems, 26(6), 300-309.
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5

Lung Tissue Histopathological Analysis

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Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome, and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining kits were obtained from Solarbio Life Science (Beijing, China) [16 (link)]. Harvested lung tissue samples were fixed and mounted. Sections were then stained, and histopathological analysis was performed using light microscopy (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Five fields per sample were analyzed.
Chen M., Huang X., Gao M., Yang Z., Fang Z., Wei J, & Wu B. (2022). Helicobacter pylori promotes inflammatory factor secretion and lung injury through VacA exotoxin-mediated activation of NF-κB signaling. Bioengineered, 13(5), 12760-12771.
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6

Hepatopancreas Histopathology and Lipid Analysis

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Four crabs in each group were necropsied at 7 and 42 days. The hepatopancreas was fixed in AFA Davidson's fixative and routinely processed in paraffin. The hepatopancreas was also trimmed into cassettes, dehydrated in graded ethanol solutions, cleared in xylene, and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections (5 μm) were prepared for hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) (Besso Biotechnology, Zhuhai, China), Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) (Solarbio, Beijing, China), and TdT-mediated DUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) staining for microscopic analysis.
Four crabs were randomly selected from each group. The hepatopancreas was dissected and fixed in AFA Davidson's fixative for 24 h. The sample was cut into small pieces of about 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm, placed on tissue support, and frozen. After the embedding agent was placed in a cryostat, sections (5 μm) were stained with Oil red O (Sigma-Aldrich, Beijing, China) at a low temperature for microscopic analysis. The relative optical intensity (ROD) of Oil red O and PAS was detected in Image Processing and Analysis in Java (Image J) 1.6.0 (National Institutes of Health, USA).
Huang X., Feng Y., Duan J., Xiong G., Fan W., Liu S., Zhong L., Wang K., Geng Y., Ouyang P., Chen D., Yang S, & Yin L. (2020). Antistarvation Strategies of E. Sinensis: Regulatory Networks under Hepatopancreas Consumption. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020, 6085343.
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7

Lung Histopathological Evaluation in Mice

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The left lungs of the mice were prepared for histological analysis and fixed in 4% triformol for 48 h at room temperature. Paraffin-embedded sections were sliced into 5-µm thick sections for staining with the hematoxylin and eosin kit (Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) at room temperature for 1 h to observe inflammatory changes using a BX53 light microscope (magnification, ×100; Olympus Corporation). Carl Zeiss Axiovision Viewer Image software (version 4.82.SP2 1CD; Carl Zeiss AG) were used to assess the mean liner intercept (MLI), matrix membrane layer and smooth muscle layer of the airways. Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) (Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) staining was used to assess mucus secretion. PAS+ cells were analyzed using Axiovision Viewer Image software and the ratio of PAS+ cells to bronchus was calculated.
Pang L., Yu P., Liu X., Fan Y., Shi Y, & Zou S. (2021). Fine particulate matter induces airway inflammation by disturbing the balance between Th1/Th2 and regulation of GATA3 and Runx3 expression in BALB/c mice. Molecular Medicine Reports, 23(5), 378.
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8

Histological Analysis of Skin Regeneration

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Intact and regenerating skin samples were harvested, fixed in Bouin’s solution and embedded in paraffin wax. The paraffin-embedded tissues were sectioned to a thickness of approximately 4 µm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China) [33 (link)] and PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff, Solarbio, G1281, Beijing, China)-AB (Alcian blue, Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China) [69 (link)]. In brief, the slices were hydrated with xylene and a series of graded ethanol solutions and stained (aniline blue instead of light green). For the sampling of subcutaneous adipose tissue, the dermis was removed, and the muscle layer was removed after 1 or 2 days of epidermal damage in juvenile lamprey and stained using the method described above. The integrity of the skin structure and the types of cells were examined under a microscope.
Li S., Zhao Z., Li Q., Li J, & Pang Y. (2023). Lamprey Wound Healing and Regenerative Effects: The Collaborative Efforts of Diverse Drivers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3213.
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9

Histological Analysis of Testicular Tissues

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For Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS, Solarbio, G1281) staining or Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, testicular or epididymal tissues were fixed in Bouin’s buffer, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned at 5 μm thickness. The paraffin-embedded sections were then sequentially deparaffinized, rehydrated, and stained with either Hematoxylin and Eosin or Periodic Acid Schiff. Apoptosis assays were performed using the In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit, TMR red (Roche, 12156792910), according to the manufacturer’s protocols.
Wei H., Gao J., Lin D.H., Geng R., Liao J., Huang T.Y., Shang G., Jing J., Fan Z.W., Pan D., Yin Z.Q., Li T., Liu X., Zhao S., Chen C., Li J., Wang X., Ding D, & Liu M.F. (2024). piRNA loading triggers MIWI translocation from the intermitochondrial cement to chromatoid body during mouse spermatogenesis. Nature Communications, 15, 2343.
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10

Histological Analysis of Kidney Tissue

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The paraffin sections of the kidney tissue samples were harvested. The resulting sections underwent staining with Hematoxylin-eosin (Solarbio, China), periodic acid-Schiff (Solarbio, China) and sirius red staining (BestBio, China) reagents according to corresponding recommended protocols. Diaminobenzidine (DAB) color developing kit (ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China) and hematoxylin were used for immunohistochemical staining. The areas of positive staining were quantified by ImageJ in six random fields (200×) per sample, with three individuals assessed in each group.
Xiang J., Zhang H., Zhou X., Wang D., Chen R., Tan W., Liang L., Shi M., Zhang F., Xiao Y., Zhou Y., Wang Y, & Guo B. (2022). Atorvastatin Restores PPARα Inhibition of Lipid Metabolism Disorders by Downregulating miR-21 Expression to Improve Mitochondrial Function and Alleviate Diabetic Nephropathy Progression. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 819787.
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