MHz spectrometer (1H NMR: 400 MHz; 13C NMR:
100 MHz) using TMS as an internal
reference. The chemical shifts (δ) and coupling constants (J) were expressed in ppm and Hz, respectively. UV–Vis
spectrophotometry was carried out on a Shimadzu UV-3000. HPLC analysis
was carried out on an Agilent 1100 series HPLC with a multiple wavelength
detector. Chiralpak AS-H, AD-H, and OD-H columns were purchased from
Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Optical rotations were measured on
a PerkinElmer polarimeter (model 343). HRMS (ESI) was recorded on
Waters Q-TOF Premier and Thermo Scientific LTQ Orbitrap XL Hybrid
Ion Trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometers. Commercially available compounds
were used without further purification. Solvents were purified according
to the standard procedures, unless otherwise noted. Commercial pyrrole
should be distilled for the use of the reactions. Ligands9d ,10b and various 2-enoyl-pyridine N-oxides
procedures.