Rootstock diameter (mm) by measuring 10 cm below the grafting union and trunk diameter by measuring the trunk from approximately 20 cm above the soil level (mm) with a digital caliper (Mitutoyo CD-20CPX) sensitive to 0.01 mm was determined at the end of the growing season of all trees in each replication in each cultivar/rootstock combination (Ozturk and Ozturk, 2014) . The number of dead plants at the end of each year was divided by the number of plants planted in the orchard establishment to determine the plant survival ratio (Ozturk et al., 2009; Hudina et al., 2014)
Cd 20cpx
Manufactured by Mitutoyo
Sourced in Japan
The CD-20CPX is a digital caliper manufactured by Mitutoyo. It features a 0-20 mm (0-0.787 inch) measurement range and a resolution of 0.01 mm (0.0005 inch). The caliper is equipped with a carbide-tipped measuring faces and a stainless steel frame.
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9 protocols using cd 20cpx
1
Measuring Tree Survival and Growth
2
Analyzing Plant Grafting Parameters
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After the healing process, growth parameters, such as the plant height, scion/rootstock stem diameters, scion/rootstock dry weight, and root morphological traits, were measured at 4-day intervals. Next, 25 days after grafting, the plant height, scion/rootstock stem diameters, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, fresh weight (FW), and dry weight (DW) of the shoots and roots were measured. The plant height was measured from the soil line to apical meristem. The thicknesses of the scion and rootstock were measured at a distance of 0.5 cm from the grafted point using a digital vernier caliper (CD-20CPX, Mitutoyo, Kawasaki, Japan). Leaf area was measured using a leaf area meter (LI-3000, LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA). FW was measured using an electronic balance (EW220-3NM, Kern and Sohn GmbH., Balingen, Germany) and DW was measured after drying in an oven (Venticell-220, MMM Medcenter Einrichtungen GmbH., Planegg, Germany) at 70°C for 72 h. Root morphology parameters, such as the total root length, average root diameter, root surface area, and root volume, were measured using the WinRhizo Pro 2007a image analysis system (Regent Instruments, Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada) coupled to a professional scanner (Expression 1000XL, Epson America Inc., Long Beach, CA, USA).
3
Growth Evaluation of SML Treated Plants
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After 30 days of the SML treatments, the growth parameters such as length, fresh and dry weights, crown diameter, number of leaves and runners, length, fresh and dry weight of roots were measured. The shoot length was measured as the length from the crown to the top of the plant, and the root length was measured as the length from the crown to the bottom of the roots. Both fresh and dry (dried in an oven at 70 °C for 72 h) weights were measured with an electronic balance (ENTRIS224I-1S, Sartorius, Goettingen, Germany). The crown diameter was measured with a digital Vernier caliper (CD-20CPX, Mitutoyo, Kawasaki, Japan). A fully unfolded leaf was considered as one leaf.
4
Characterization of VRC-S Tablet Properties
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The physical properties of the VRC-S tablets were measured as previously reported.21 (link) The weight of 20 individual tablets was measured using an electronic balance (XT220A; Precisa Instruments Ltd, Dietikon, Switzerland) and averaged. The thickness was measured individually for ten tablets using Vernier calipers (CD-20CPX; Mitutoyo Corp., Kanagawa, Japan) and averaged. The crushing strength was measured individually for ten tablets using a hardness tester (VK200; Varian Inc.) and averaged. The friability was calculated as a percentage of the reduced weight after 100 rotations at 25±1 rpm for 20 tablets using a friabilator (45-1200; Varian Inc.). The disintegration was tested for six tablets in water at 37°C±2°C using a disintegration tester (DIT-200; Labfine Inc., Anyang, Korea) with an amplitude of 55 mm for the up and down movements.
5
Drying Equipment for Material Analysis
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The drying equipment is an environmental test chamber (DF-408, Nanjing FuDe Instrument Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China) and an electric heat drum wind drying oven (DHG-905, 386-III, Shanghai Cimo Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). Other devices are an electronic balance, 0.001 g (Sincere Dedication of Science and Technology Innovation Company, Shanghai, China) and a vernier caliper (CD-20CPX, Mitutoyo, Japan, 0–200 mm/0.01 mm).
6
Morphological Characterization of Jellyfish
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Morphological observations and measurements were made on living or preserved specimens. Measurements were made with digital calipers (CD-20CPX, Mitutoyo Corporation, Japan) to the nearest 0.01 mm. For nematocyst identification in the medusae, squashes prepared from fresh tissues were examined under a compound microscope (BX53, OLYMPUS, Japan). In this study, the following morphological characters were recorded (Fig. 2 ): umbrella height, umbrella diameter, number of centripetal canals, PageBreakPageBreakprimary tentacles, secondary tentacles, marginal clubs, and exumbrella tentacles. Goto (1903) (link) distinguished exumbrella tentacles, those arising from the exumbrella at any level, from those occurring proximal to the apex – just a short distance from the velum; however, he did not distinguish exumbrella from primary tentacles. In this study, the exumbrella tentacles are defined as tentacles that arise from the black band on the exumbrella, rather than those arising from the margin of the umbrella.
Nematocysts were identified according to Östman (2000) (link) from wild and cultured specimens. Measurements were made using ImageJ (NIH, USA) to the nearest 0.1 µm.
Nematocysts were identified according to Östman (2000) (link) from wild and cultured specimens. Measurements were made using ImageJ (NIH, USA) to the nearest 0.1 µm.
7
Moisture Adsorption Capacity of Treated Wood
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These properties were determined according to GB/T-1931. The oven-dried specimens of treated and control wood were kept at 20 ± 2 °C and 65 ± 3% relatively humidity (RH) in a conditioning chamber until weight constancy was achieved. During the moisture adsorption process, mass, and dimensions in tangential and radial direction of all specimens were measured by an electronic balance (JA21002) (Shanghai Liangping Instrument and Meter Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) and a digital caliper (CD-20CPX) (Mitutoyo, Kawzaki, Japan). The capacity of treated and control wood for moisture adsorption are described by equilibrium moisture content (EMC), which are calculated according to Equation (2).
where Mo (g) is the initial mass of oven-dried specimens, Me (g) is the mass after equalization in the conditioning chamber.
where Mo (g) is the initial mass of oven-dried specimens, Me (g) is the mass after equalization in the conditioning chamber.
8
ScCO2 Dewatering Plant for Efficient Drying
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The apparatus used for dewatering was a ScCO2 dewatering plant (HM120-50-025, Haian Hongmai Machinery Co., Ltd., Nantong, China). As shown in Figure 2 , the plant consisted of a CO2 storage bottle (1), a cooling exchanger (2), a pressure pump (3), a 5 L (ϕ100) dewatering vessel (4), and two adsorption vessels. The pressure and temperature of the dewatering vessel could be controlled from atmospheric (0.1 MPa) to 30 MPa and from 30 to 70 °C, respectively. Liquid CO2 was supplied to the plant from the storage bottle, and the supercritical pressure was achieved by an air-operated pressure pump. The temperature of the drying vessel was regulated by a heated mantle during the dewatering process.
Other apparatuses included an electric heating oven (DHG-905386-Ⅲ, Shanghai Cimo Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.001 g (HC2004, Huachao high tech equipment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and an electronic vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm (CD-20CPX, Mitutoyo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).
Other apparatuses included an electric heating oven (DHG-905386-Ⅲ, Shanghai Cimo Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.001 g (HC2004, Huachao high tech equipment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and an electronic vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm (CD-20CPX, Mitutoyo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).
9
Measuring Wood Specimen Shrinkage
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The dimensions of a specimen in the tangential and radial directions (Figure 1 ) were measured using an electronic vernier caliper (CD-20CPX, Mitutoyo Corporation Mitsuyo, Tokyo, Japan) prior to the dewatering experiment and again after each dewatering cycle. The deformation of the wood is presented as shrinkage and was calculated using Equation (2):
where S is shrinkage in the tangential or radial directions of a specimen after dewatering, Li is the initial dimension of the specimen before the dewatering experiment, and Lf is the dimension of the specimen after dewatering.
where S is shrinkage in the tangential or radial directions of a specimen after dewatering, Li is the initial dimension of the specimen before the dewatering experiment, and Lf is the dimension of the specimen after dewatering.
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