Tga dsc analyzer

A thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetric analysis were performed using a TGA/DSC analyzer [Mettler Toledo, Greifensee, Switzerland] in the presence of nitrogen. Edible film pieces weighing approximately 8–9 mg were weighed into a 70 μL crucible made of aluminum oxide. The sample was heated from 30 to 600 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min. with a simultaneous gas flow in the combustion chamber of 50 mL per minute. Based on the tests performed, curves of heat flux changes as a function of temperature and mass loss were obtained. The STARe program was used to interpret the results, allowing us to determine the temperature of the thermal transformation and the mass loss of the sample.

X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of Cs₄Mn_1‐xCu_xSb₂Cl₁₂ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) microcrystals were determined by Cu Kα diffraction (MADZU, Japan). The apparent morphology of Cs₄Mn_1‐xCu_xSb₂Cl₁₂ microcrystals was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, TM4000Plus II). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were performed on ZEISS LIBRA 200FE. Element mappings were tested by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) on the same instrument. Inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) was tested on an Agilent 730. The UV‐visible absorption spectra were determined by the scan UV–vis spectrophotometer (UV‐2100) (Shimadzu, Japan) with a range of 300 to 800 nm.The chemical states and valence bands of Cs₄Mn_1‐xCu_xSb₂Cl₁₂ microcrystals were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESRCALAB250Xi, Thermo Fisher Scientific). The binding energy referred to the C 1s peak at the binding energy of 284.80 eV. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies were performed in AR environments from room temperature to 1000 °C using a TGA/DSC analyzer (METTLER TOLEDO, and Switzerland). Time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectra were measured using a photoluminescence spectrometer (Cary Eclipse G9800A, Agilent Technologies).