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9 protocols using jem 3010 tem

1

Characterization of Nano-Metal Oxides

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Nanoparticles ZnO (nano-ZnO), TiO2 (nano-TiO2), Ni (nano-Ni) and their bulk counterparts (bulk-ZnO, bulk-TiO2 and bulk-Ni) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). The primary particle size of nanoparticles and Zeta potential was as follows: nano-ZnO <100 nm and 1.53 mV; nano-TiO2 < 21 nm and −7.30 mV; nano-Ni <100 nm and 15.53 mV. Surface area of nano-ZnO, nano-TiO2 and nano-Ni was 15–25, 35–65 and 8–12 m2/g, respectively (data from Sigma–Aldrich). The size of nanoparticles was determined by transmission electron microscope (JEM-3010 TEM JEOL, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The TEM pictures of nanoparticles used in the experiment are presented elsewhere (Jośko and Oleszczuk 2013a (link), b ).
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2

Imaging Electrospun Membrane Morphology

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The surface morphology of the electrospun membrane was observed using HITACHI S-4800 SEM. The samples were mounted on metal stubs and sputter coated with palladium-platinum-gold for 60 s. Images were taken at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. The fibers diameters and pore sizes were measured using Image-Pro Plus software (n = 100).
The samples were placed on the copper meshes directly obtained during coaxial electrospinning process and observed using a JEM-3010 TEM (JEOL Co., Japan), with an accelerating voltage of 300 kV. Bright field images were collected with an 11-megapixel SC1000 Orius CCD camera (Gatan, Inc.). Image analysis was performed using Digital Micrograph (Gatan, Inc.).
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3

Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of CoNi2S4@CFs

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XRD patterns were
recorded by a Rigaku XRD-6000 diffractometer, using Cu Kα radiation
(0.15418 nm) at 40 kV, 30 mA. A Zeiss SUPRA 55 SEM and a JEOL JEM-3010
TEM were used for morphological observation. HR-TEM was collected
on an FEI Tecnai G2 F20 S-Twin (200 kV). Al Kα radiation used
in XPS measurements were conducted on an ESCALAB 250 instrument (Thermo
Electron). Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms were measured
on a Quantachrome Autosorb-1CVP analyzer. The specific surface area
was calculated using the BET method. All electrochemical measurements
were carried on a CHI 660E electrochemical workstation (Shanghai Chenhua
Instrument Co., China). The electrochemical tests on the CoNi2S4@CFs electrode were performed in a three-electrode
system by using a saturated Hg/HgCl2 (SCE) electrode and
a platinum plate as the reference and counter electrode, respectively,
in 3 M KOH aqueous solution. At the open-circuit voltage, an alternating
current voltage with 5 mV amplitude was employed in the EIS measurement,
while the frequency ranged from 0.01 to 100 kHz in 1.0 M KOH solution.
The electrochemical performance of CoNi2S4@CFs//AC@CF
all-solid-state devices was measured in a two-electrode system.
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4

TEM Analysis of SiO2-g-PMMA-b-P(PEGMA) Hybrids

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The morphology of obtained SiO2-g-PMMA-b-P(PEGMA) hybrids in THF solution were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with a JEM-3010 TEM (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) at an acceleration voltage of 100 kV.
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5

Characterization of Nanostructured Materials

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TEM images were obtained using a JEOL JEM-2100 electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. SEM images were obtained using a field-emission scanning electron microscopy (model JEOL 7600F) at an acceleration voltage of 5 kV. Prior to analysis, the samples were coated with gold layer using an Edwards Sputter Coater to enhance their conductivity. To prepare the sample, 0.4 mL of the sample solution was taken and centrifuged at the speed of 12g for 8 min (for bowls, bottles, and cucurbits), or 1.5g for 12 min (for more complex interconnected structures). The supernatant was removed, and the precipitate solution was dropped on a copper grid, which was pre-treated by a Harrick Plasma cleaner for 30 s to remove oxidations. For DLS measurement, 1 mL of the sample solution was injected to a four sides transparent glass cuvette, and then capped to avoid volatilize of solvent. A model ZEN 5600 from Malvern, and a back-scattering mode with an angle of 173° was used for all the measurements. SAED and HR-TEM were performed on a JEOL JEM-3010 TEM at 300 kV. HAADF-STEM imaging and EELs spectrum were carried out on a FEI-Titan ST electron microscope operated at 300 kV.
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6

Comprehensive Nanomaterial Characterization

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The SEM was performed on a JEOL JSM-7400F SEM working at an acceleration voltage of 3 kV. The TEM, HRTEM and EDS were performed on a JEOL JEM-3010 TEM operating at 300 kV equipped with EDS system. The X-ray diffraction patterns were collected on a Bruker D8 Discovery diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ=0.15418, nm) operating at 40 kV and 40 mA. The TGA was performed on a Mettler Toledo TGA/DSA 1 STARe System under air flow (60 ml min−1) with a heating rate of 5 °C min−1. The XPS spectra were recorded on Thermo Fisher ESCALAB 250Xi XPS system with a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source. The survey scans were conducted at a pass energy of 100 eV using a step size of 1 eV, and the high-revolution scans were conducted at a pass energy of 50 eV using a step size of 0.05 eV.
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7

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

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Nanoparticles ZnO (nano-ZnO), TiO2 (nano-TiO2, mainly anatase form) and Ni (nano-Ni) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). CAS numbers of used metal and metal oxide nanoparticles were: 1314-13-2 (nano-ZnO), 13463-67-7 (nano-TiO2), 7440-02-0 (nano-Ni). The ENPs (the purity was around 99.5 %) were used as powder. The primary particle size of ENPs was as follows: nano-ZnO < 100 nm; nano-TiO2 < 21 nm; nano-Ni < 100 nm. The size of ENPs was determined by transmission electron microscope (JEM-3010 TEM JEOL, Ltd., Japan). Surfactants (4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid—SDBS, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide—CTAB, triton X-100—TX-100) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). All solutions were prepared using analytical grade reagents and HPLC grade water (POCH, Gliwice, Poland).
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8

Vesicle Morphology Characterization by TEM

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The morphology of the vesicles, prior to and after fluorescein encapsulation, was investigated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Samples were prepared on carbon-coated copper grids (CF300-Cu, Electron Microscopy Sciences Inc.). The grids, pipette tips, and samples were all incubated in an isothermal oven (VWR Signature™ Forced Air Safety Ovens, VWR Inc.) at desired temperatures (37 °C or 80 °C) for at least 30 min before sample preparation, which was also conducted in the oven. 5 μL of the sample solution was drop cast on the grid and blotted after 60 seconds. For staining, 1% phosphotungstic acid (PTA) (pH adjusted to 7.0 using 1 M NaOH) as a negative stain was used. 3 μL of the PTA solution was drop cast on the grid and blotted after 10 seconds. The sample was then allowed to dry in the oven at the desired temperature for 30 minutes and then was air-dried for 2 hours. TEM images were taken on a JEM-3010 TEM (JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, MA) at an acceleration voltage of 300 keV. Size distribution and wall thickness of the vesicles from TEM were analyzed using ImageJ. A total number of 233 vesicles from 8 images were analyzed for the fluorescein-free samples and a total number of 147 vesicles from 8 images were analyzed for the fluorescein-loaded samples.
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9

Comprehensive Characterization of Engineered Gold Nanoparticles

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UV-visible spectra were acquired on a Shimadzu UV-2600 using a quartz cuvette (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). Hydrodynamic size measurements by dynamic light scattering were performed using a NanoBrook 90Plus Zeta (Brookhaven Instruments Corporation, Holtsville, NY, USA). A JEOL JEM-3010 TEM operating at an accelerating voltage of 300 kV was used to acquire high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The nanoparticle solution was pipetted onto a carbon-coated copper grid (carbon type B, 300 mesh, Ted Pella Inc., Redding, CA, USA), and the sample-loaded grid was dried for 12 h at room temperature prior to HR-TEM analysis. The crystalline nature of the AuNPs was analyzed using high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) with a Bruker D8 Discover high-resolution X-ray diffractometer in the range of 20° to 90° (2θ scale). HR-XRD was equipped with a Cu-Kα radiation source (λ = 0.154056 nm) (Bruker, Germany). The powdered sample was prepared using a FD8518 freeze-dryer (IlShinBioBase Co. Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea). A Varian 500 MHz spectrometer was used to acquire 1H-NMR spectra (Palo Alto, CA, USA).
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