All isolates were identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the agar dilution method according to CLSI guidelines (M100-S27). The tested drugs included ceftriaxone (Roche China, Shanghai, China), cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, amikacin, levofloxacin, minocycline, fosfomycin (National Institute for Food and Drug Control of China, Beijing, China), piperacillin/tazobactam, tigecycline (Pfizer, NY, USA), imipenem (Merck Sharp & Dohme, Hangzhou, China), meropenem (Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals, Suzhou, China), ciprofloxacin (Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany), and polymyxin B (Amresco, Solon, USA). Strains used in quality control were Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The results were interpreted according to 2017 CLSI standards (M100-S27). The tigecycline test was performed according to the Food and Drug Administration standards.
Polymyxin b
Manufactured by Avantor
Sourced in United States
Polymyxin B is a type of antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a polypeptide antimicrobial agent that functions by disrupting the cell membranes of certain types of bacteria.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Piperacillin tazobactam, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Maldi tof ms, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Tigecycline, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Ciprofloxacin, by Bayer (1 mentions)
Imipenem, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ceftriaxone, by Roche (1 mentions)
Streptomycin sesquisulfate, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Compound c, by MedChemExpress (1 mentions)
D glucose, by Beyotime (1 mentions)
2 n 7 nitrobenz 2 oxa 1 3 diazol 4 yl amino 2 deoxy d glucose 2 nbdg, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Penicillin g sodium salt, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi), by Beyotime (1 mentions)
Sodium bicarbonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
O nitrophenyl β d galactopyranoside, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Triton x 100, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Melittin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 protocols using polymyxin b
1
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocol
2
Glucose Uptake Assay with 2-NBDG
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Unless otherwise stated, all chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Compound C was obtained from MedChemExpress (China). 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-NBDG) was purchased from the Cayman Chemical Company (USA) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was obtained from the Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (China).
Modena solution was used as the basic medium, which contained 152.8 mmol/L D-glucose, 26.7 mmol/L trisodium citrate, 11.9 mmol/L sodium hydrogen carbonate, 15.1 mmol/L citric acid, 6.3 mmol/L ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA-2Na), 46.6 mmol/L tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), and 4 g/L bovine serum albumin (BSA) (pH=7.2). The Modena solution was supplemented with penicillin G sodium salt (1 000 IU/mL; Solarbio, China), streptomycin sesquisulfate (1 mg/mL; Solarbio, China), and polymyxin B (400 IU/mL; Amresco, USA), and filtered with a 0.22 μm filter to prevent bacterial contamination.
Modena solution was used as the basic medium, which contained 152.8 mmol/L D-glucose, 26.7 mmol/L trisodium citrate, 11.9 mmol/L sodium hydrogen carbonate, 15.1 mmol/L citric acid, 6.3 mmol/L ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA-2Na), 46.6 mmol/L tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), and 4 g/L bovine serum albumin (BSA) (pH=7.2). The Modena solution was supplemented with penicillin G sodium salt (1 000 IU/mL; Solarbio, China), streptomycin sesquisulfate (1 mg/mL; Solarbio, China), and polymyxin B (400 IU/mL; Amresco, USA), and filtered with a 0.22 μm filter to prevent bacterial contamination.
3
Polymyxin B Experimental Protocol
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Polymyxin B (PMB) was purchased from Amresco (Amresco; St. Solon, OH, USA). Glucose, xodium citrate, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), potassium chloride (KCl), LPS, and pHis were purchased from Sigma chemicals Co (Sigma; St. Louis, MO, USA).
4
Antimicrobial Peptide MDAP-2 Synthesis and Characterization
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Antimicrobial peptide MDAP-2 was synthesized by Shanghai Biotech Bioscience & Technology Co., Ltd.; Melittin was purchased from Sigma (USA); polymyxin B was purchased from Amresco (USA); O-nitrophenyl--β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) was purchased from Amresco (USA); N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN), bis-(1, 3-dibutylbarbituric acid) pentamethine oxonol (DiBAC4 (3)), propidium iodide (PI) and Triton X-100 were purchased from Sigma (USA).
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