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5 protocols using af231

1

Evaluating HER3-Specific Nanobody Binding

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Example 24

Off-target binding of multivalent HER3-specific Nanobodies with HLE was assessed by measuring their binding capacity to Fc-HER1 (R&D Systems, 344-ER), Fc-HER2 (R&D Systems, 1129-ER) and Fc-HER4 (R&D Systems, 1131-ER) coated on ELISA plates. Serial dilutions of the Nanobodies starting at a concentration of 500 nM were tested and detection was done using the biotinylated ALB-specific Nanobody 02H05 and streptavidin-HRP (Dako, P0397). Binding to Fc-HER3 (R&D Systems, 348-RB) was used as positive control for the HER3-specific Nanobodies. The polyclonal antibodies anti-HER1 (R&D Systems, AF231), anti-HER2 (R&D Systems, AF1129), anti-HER3 (R&D Systems, AF234) and anti-HER4 (R&D Systems, AF1131) were used as quality control of the HER coating on the plates. The results in FIGS. 3A to 3D show that multivalent sequence optimized Nanobodies bind to HER3 (FIG. 3B) but not to the other HER proteins (FIGS. 3A, 3C and 3D).

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Antibody Reagents for Cellular Signaling

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rabbit anti‐RPTPγ (rb‐RPTPγ‐P4: gift from C. Sorio, Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy, (Sorio et al, 1995 (link))), mouse anti‐TCPTP (MAB1930, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), mouse anti‐p22phox (ab80896, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti‐cysteine sulfenic acid 2‐thiodimedone (ABS30, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), living colors mouse anti‐GFP (632381, Clontech, Mountain View, CA), goat anti‐GFP (ab5450, Abcam), rabbit anti‐phospho EGFR Y1068 (3777, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), mouse anti‐phospho EGFR Y1068 (2236, Cell Signaling Technology) rabbit anti‐EGFR (4267, Cell Signaling Technology), goat anti‐EGFR (AF231, R&D Systems), rabbit anti‐phospho‐ERK‐1/2 Thr/Tyr 202/204 (9101, Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti‐ERK1/2 (ab366991, Abcam), rabbit anti‐phospho‐Akt Ser473 (9271, Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti‐Akt (pan) (2920, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti‐EEA1 (3288, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti‐Rab7 (9367, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti‐Rab11a (2413, Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit phospho‐Rb Ser807/811 (8516, Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti‐GAPDH (CB1001, Merck), mouse anti‐α‐Tubulin (T6074, Merck), mouse anti‐Na+/K+ ATPase‐α3‐subunit (BML‐SA247‐0100, Enzo Life Sciences, NY).
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3

Multiplex Antibody Conjugation Protocol

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Capture antibodies for Axl, Met, EGFR, and Her2 were purchased from R&D Systems (MAB154, MAB3581, AF231, and MAB1129 respectively). Biotinylated detection antibodies for Axl, Met, EGFR and Her2 were purchased from R&D Systems (BAF154, BAF358, BAF231, and BAF1129 respectively). Streptavidin Phycoerythrin (SAPE) was purchased from Biorad (cat. no. 171304501). Assay diluent and washing buffer used in all steps was 0.1% BSA + 0.1% Tween20 in 1× PBS.
100 μL MagPix beads (Luminex Corp.) were centrifuged at 10,000×g for 2 min and the supernatant was discarded. EDC (N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide, Sigma) and S-NHS (N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide, Pierce) were dissolved in diH20 to 50 mg/mL. Beads were incubated with 80 μL activation buffer (100 mM NaH2PO4 pH 6.3), 10 μL EDC, and 10 μL S-NHS for 20 min dark at room temperature shaking at ~ 900 rpm. The mixture was centrifuged at 10,000×g for 2 min and the supernatant was discarded. Antibodies were diluted to 0.1 mg/mL in 100 μL coupling buffer (50 mM HEPES, pH 7.4) and incubated with the bead suspension, overnight shaking, at 4 °C. The following day beads were washed 3× and resuspended in 1 mL 1% BSA + 1% Tween20 in 1x PBS and stored at 4 °C.
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Dual Immunofluorescence Staining of Kidney Biopsies

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Snap-frozen, nonfixed kidney biopsies were double immunofluorescence stained with sFLT1/CD68 antibodies or sFLT-1/CD34 antibodies. Five-micrometer cryosections of kidney biopsies were cut and equilibrated in phosphate-buffered saline for 10 minutes at 37 °C, followed by incubation with sFlt-1 (1:200; AF231; R&D Systems), CD68 (FLEX Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human CD68, Clone KP1, (Agilent), or FLEX Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human CD34 Class II, Clone QBEnd 10, (Agilent) for 30 minutes at 37 °C. Slides were then rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline and incubated for 30 minutes with VectaFluor R.T.U. DyLight 594 Anti-Goat IgG or VectaFluor R.T.U. DyLight 488 Anti-Mouse IgG (Vector Laboratories), respectively. Slides were rinsed twice in phosphate-buffered saline and mounted.
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5

Protein Expression and Phosphorylation Analysis

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Rabbit anti-EGFR (western blot 1:1000; 4267, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), goat anti-EGFR (western blot 1:1000; AF231, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), mouse anti-pY1068 (western blot: 1:1000; immunofluorescence: 1:200; 2236, Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti-pY845 (western blot 1:1000; 558381; BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany), mouse anti-phosphotyrosine (PY72) (western blot 1:730; P172.1, InVivo Biotech Services, Henningsdorf, Germany), mouse monoclonal anti-α-Tubulin (western blot 1:4000; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), rabbit anti-GAPDH (western blot 1:1000; 2118, Cell Signaling Technology), living colors rabbit anti-GFP (western blot 1:1000; 632593, Clontech, Mountain View, CA), IRDye 680 donkey anti-mouse IgG (western blot 1:10,000; LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE), IRDye 800 donkey anti-rabbit IgG (western blot 1:10,000; LI-COR Biosciences), Alexa Fluor® 647 donkey anti-mouse IgG (immunofluorescence 1:200; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA).
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