Copper chloride dihydrate

EcoRI, AvaI, PstI and T₄ polynucleotide kinase were purchased from New England Biolabs Ltd. (Ipswich, MA, USA). BssHII was purchased from Takara Bio Inc. (Shiga, Japan). [γ-³²P] ATP (222 TBq/mmol) was purchased from Perkin Elmer, Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). Purpurin, catalase (30,000 units/mg from bovine liver) and 3-(methylthio) propionaldehyde (methional) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., LLC. (St Louis, MO, USA). Copper chloride dihydrate (CuCl₂·2H₂O), ethanol, mannitol and sodium formate were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). Diethylenetriamine-N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and bathocuproine disulfonic acid were purchased from Dojindo Laboratories (Kumamoto, Japan). Nuclease P₁ (500 units/vial) and piperidine were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Calf intestinal phosphatase (500 units/vial) was purchased from Roche Diagnostics GmbH (Mannheim, Germany).

Palladium (II) bis(acetylacetonate) (Pd(acac)₂), 99%), Oleylamine (70%), ethyl alcohol (99.9%), and acetone (99.9%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Copper chloride dihydrate (CuCl₂·2H₂O, 99%), triphenylphosphine (TPP, 99%), and commercial P25 (99.9% grade) were obtained from Nacalai Tesque, Acros Organics, and Degussa, respectively. The gases deployed in this research, such as high purity nitrogen (N₂, 99.999%), carbon dioxide (CO₂, 99.5%), and helium (He, 99.99%), were procured from Yusheng gas company, Taipei, Taiwan.