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Gentamicin sulfate

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Gentamicin sulfate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in various laboratory applications. It is a bactericidal agent effective against a wide range of gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria. Gentamicin sulfate is commonly used in cell culture media to prevent bacterial contamination.

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35 protocols using gentamicin sulfate

1

Culturing Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines

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Human EOC cell lines (HeyA8, SKOV3ip1, HeyA8-MDR, SKOV3-TR, and A2780-CP20) were a gift from Dr. Anil K. Sood, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA [26 (link)]. A2780 and ES-2 cell lines were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). The RMG-1 cell line was obtained from Japan Health Science Research Resources Bank (HSRRB, Osaka, Japan). Human EOC cell lines were maintained in complete media (HeyA8, HeyA8-MDR, SKOV3ip1, SKOV3-TR, A2780, and A2780-CP20: RPMI 1640, ES-2: McCoy's 5A, RMG-1: Ham's F12) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.1% gentamicin sulfate (Gemini Bioproducts, Calabasas, CA) in 5% CO2 at 37°C.
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2

Hypoxia Regulates Cancer Cell Signaling

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All cancer cell lines were maintained at 37°C in 5% CO2. Ovarian cancer (A2780 and OVCAR3) and breast cancer (MCF7) cancer cell lines were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Cells and were maintained in culture with RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10–15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.1% gentamicin sulfate (Gemini Bioproducts, Calabasas, CA). Cell lines were tested routinely to confirm the absence of mycoplasma, and in vitro experiments were conducted with cultures at 60–80% confluence. All siRNA transfections were performed using RNAiMAX (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) reagent following the forward transfection protocol from the manufacturer. To minimize toxicity, media was changed five hours after transfections. For hypoxia treatments, cells were incubated in an oxygen-controlled hypoxia chamber at 1% O2. Sequences for siRNAs are as follows: siDicer1 S 5’ CAUUGAUCCUGUCAUGGAU [dT] [dT] 3’ AS 5’ AUCCAUGACAGGAUCAAUG [dT] [dT] 3’ siDicer2 S 5’ GCAGUUAUGAUUUAGCUAA [dT] [dT] 3’ AS 5’ UUAGCUAAAUCAUAACUGC [dT] [dT] 3’, siSTAT1-1 1 S 5’ CUCAUUCCGUGGACGAGGU [dT] [dT] 3’ AS 5’ ACCUCGUCCACGGAAUGAG [dT] [dT] 3’ siSTAT1-2 S 5’ CCUGAUUAAUGAUGAACUA [dT] [dT] 3’ AS 5’ UAGUUCAUCAUUAAUCAGG [dT] [dT] 3’.
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3

Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines Cultivation

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The ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3ip1 and HeyA8, were obtained from ATCC and were maintained in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum and 0.1% gentamicin sulfate (Gemini Bioproducts; Calabasas, CA)38 (link). SKOV3-TR and HeyA8-MDR were kind gifts from Dr. Isaiah Fidler, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center and Dr. Michael Seiden, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, respectively.
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4

Human Cervical Cancer Cell Lines and SPHK Inhibitor Treatment

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Human cervical cancer cell lines (Ca Ski, HeLa, SiHa, ME-180, and MS751) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). The cell lines were maintained in complete media (RPMI 1640 for Ca Ski; DMEM for HeLa; MEM for SiHa and MS751; McCoy’s 5A for ME-180) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.1% gentamicin sulfate (Gemini Bio-Products, Calabasas, CA, USA) in 5% CO2 at 37°C. The SPHK inhibitors SKI-II (2-(p-hydroxyanilino)-4-(p-chlorophenyl) thiazole; Calbiochem, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and FTY720 (Fingolimod; Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) were resuspended in dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Cells were seeded at 3 × 103 cells/well in a 96-well microplate in culture media with 10% FBS. Cells were treated with SPHK inhibitors as described in previous reports [32 (link), 33 (link)].
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5

Hypoxia Regulates Cancer Cell Signaling

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All cancer cell lines were maintained at 37°C in 5% CO2. Ovarian cancer (A2780 and OVCAR3) and breast cancer (MCF7) cancer cell lines were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Cells and were maintained in culture with RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10–15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.1% gentamicin sulfate (Gemini Bioproducts, Calabasas, CA). Cell lines were tested routinely to confirm the absence of mycoplasma, and in vitro experiments were conducted with cultures at 60–80% confluence. All siRNA transfections were performed using RNAiMAX (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) reagent following the forward transfection protocol from the manufacturer. To minimize toxicity, media was changed five hours after transfections. For hypoxia treatments, cells were incubated in an oxygen-controlled hypoxia chamber at 1% O2. Sequences for siRNAs are as follows: siDicer1 S 5’ CAUUGAUCCUGUCAUGGAU [dT] [dT] 3’ AS 5’ AUCCAUGACAGGAUCAAUG [dT] [dT] 3’ siDicer2 S 5’ GCAGUUAUGAUUUAGCUAA [dT] [dT] 3’ AS 5’ UUAGCUAAAUCAUAACUGC [dT] [dT] 3’, siSTAT1-1 1 S 5’ CUCAUUCCGUGGACGAGGU [dT] [dT] 3’ AS 5’ ACCUCGUCCACGGAAUGAG [dT] [dT] 3’ siSTAT1-2 S 5’ CCUGAUUAAUGAUGAACUA [dT] [dT] 3’ AS 5’ UAGUUCAUCAUUAAUCAGG [dT] [dT] 3’.
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6

Maintenance and Transfection of Cell Lines

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All cell lines were maintained in 5% CO2/95% air at 37°C. Lung (A549 and H1299) and ovarian (RMUG-S) cells were obtained by the ATCC and maintained in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.1% gentamicin sulfate (GeminiBioproducts, Calabasas, CA). The A549-Luciferase cell line was made following stable transduction with lenti-virus carrying the luciferase gene (the lentiviral vector was kindly provided by Craig Logsdon's lab). The HCP1 colon cell lines were obtained from a human-derived xenograft model at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center under an IRB approved protocol as recently described(11 (link)). Cell lines were routinely tested to confirm the absence of Mycoplasma, and all in vitro experiments were conducted with 60-80% confluent cultures. All cells were reverse-transfected with RNAiMax reagent (Invitrogen) using siRNA molecules (Sigma) at a final concentration of 10-20 nM. Media was changed 4 hours following transfections to minimize toxicity. The siRNA sequences used for KRAS siRNA experiments are as follows:
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7

SKOV3 and A2780 Cell Culture

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SKOV3 and A2780 cells were acquired from ATCC and maintained in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.1% gentamicin sulfate (Gemini Bio-products, Woodland, CA) in 5% CO2/95% air at 37°C.
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8

Preclinical Evaluation of Erlotinib in PDXs

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RMG1 cells were purchased from the JCRB cell bank (JCRB, Osaka, Japan) and maintained in complete media (Ham’s F12) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 0.1% gentamicin sulfate (Gemini Bioproducts, Calabasas, CA) in 5% CO2 at 37°C. Among the PDXs, we selected two models, OV-64 and OV-68, from patients with clear cell carcinoma histology. The mice were treated with erlotinib (25 mg/kg, Selleckchem, Boston, MA) by IP injection three times a week as previously described [11 (link)] starting 1 month after RMG1 injection or 4 months after the implantation of xenograft tissues. The mice used in these experiments were 6-8 weeks old. Mice (n=10 per group) were monitored daily for tumor development and response to treatment and were sacrificed when any appeared moribund. We recorded body weight, tumor weight, and number of tumor nodules. Tumors were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin or snap-frozen in OCT compound (Sakura Finetek Japan) in liquid.
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9

Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines Maintenance

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The immortalized non-transformed human ovarian surface epithelial cell line HIO-180 and the human epithelial OC cell lines HeyA8, MDAH 2774, SKOV3IP1, A2780PAR, and A2780CP20 were maintained as described previously50 (link)–54 (link). Taxane resistant HeyA8MDR and SKOV3-TR cells were maintained in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 0.1% gentamicin sulfate (Gemini Bio-Products) with or without paclitaxel (300 ng/ml for HeyA8-MDR; 150 ng/ml for SKOV3-TR). The A2780CP20 cell line was developed by sequential exposure of the A2780 cell line to increasing concentrations of cisplatin. All of the cell lines are routinely screened for Mycoplasma species (Mycoalert Mycoplasma Detection Kit, Lonza). All in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted when cells were 70% to 80% confluent.
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10

Transfection of Cancer Cell Lines

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All cancer cell lines were maintained at 37 °C and 5% CO2 in culture with RPMI-1640 or Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum and 0.1% gentamicin sulfate (Gemini Bio-Products, Calabasas, CA, USA). HeyA8MDR, A2780, SKOV3ip1, Ovcar 5, and Ovcar 3 were received from the MDA Characterized Cell Line Core (CCLC) or directly from ATCC. Ovca 432 was received from the originator, Dr. Ronny Drapkin.
All siRNA transfections were conducted using Lipofectamine2000 as a transfecting agent. SiRNA concentration of 100 nM was used, and the ratio of Lipofectamine (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) to a specific siRNA was 3:1. The cells were treated with siRNAs for 4 h in serum-free media before incubation in complete media for the specified time frame. For miRNA transfections (mimic and anti-miRNA), RNAiMAX (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA was used as a transfection agent, and the ratio of RNAiMAX to a specific miRNA was 2:1. The concentration of miRNA-mimic or anti-miR inhibitor was 40 nM concentration and the transfections were conducted in serum-free conditions. After 4 h, the cells were incubated in complete media for the specified time frame. The sequences for siRNAs and miRNAs are listed in Supplementary Table 8.
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