Spss 26.0 statistical software package for the social sciences

Normally distributed variables are displayed as means (±SD) and non-normally distributed variables as medians (interquartile ranges). Discontinuous variables are expressed as frequencies. Student’s t-test was used for normally distributed continuous variables, and the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test was used for non-normally distributed continuous variables. The chi-square test was used for intergroup comparisons of categorical variables. Risk factors for all-cause mortality were assessed using Cox regression analysis. Stratified analyses were then performed for each subgroup. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log rank tests were used to assess the incidence rates of all-cause mortality. Sample size and power analysis were calculated using PASS 11.0 software (https://www.ncss.com/download/pass/updates/pass11/), and when there were more than 60 cases in each group, it had a high testing power of over 90%. Data analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 9.3 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, and the SPSS 26.0 statistical software Package for the Social Sciences (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

The continuous variables of non‐normal distribution were expressed as the median (interquartile ranges), and the categorical variables were expressed as the frequencies. For the intergroup comparison of continuous variables with non‐normal distribution, the non‐parametric Mann–Whitney U test was utilised. The chi‐squared test was performed to compare categorical variables between the two groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis assessed the risk factors of foot ulcer recurrence in patients. In the subgroup, Cox regression stratified analysis was conducted. Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis and log‐rank test were used to evaluate ulcer recurrence rate in subjects throughout the follow‐up period. Sample size and power analysis were calculated using PASS 11.0 software (https://www.ncss.com/download/pass/updates/pass11/), and when there were more than 60 cases in each group, it had a high testing power of over 90%. Data analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 9.3 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA) and the SPSS 26.0 statistical software Package for the Social Sciences (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical significance was set at p < .05.