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13 protocols using p1022

1

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Tumor Markers

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Relevant antibodies were used to evaluate the expressions of S100A9, LDHA, PGK1, ENO1, β-catenin and c-Myc in tumour cells. The cells were centrifuged at 2800 RPM at 4 °C for 5 min, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilised with 0.1% Triton X-100 (BIOSS, P0096) at room temperature for 20 min. The cells were then washed with PBS (Solarbio, P1022) and blocked with 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) (BIOSS, bs-0292P) at room temperature for 30 min. Then, incubation with primary antibodies (1:300 dilution) was performed at 4 °C overnight and HRP-tagged secondary antibody (1:500 dilution) for 50 min at room temperature. DAPI (BIOSS, C02-04002) was used for nucleus staining. Anti-fade mounting medium (Solarbio, S2110) was used for mounting.
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2

Isolation and Characterization of UCMSC-Derived Exosomes

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When the isolated human UCMSCs at the fourth to sixth passage incubated in DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; FSP100, ExCell Biotech, Shanghai, China) reached 70%-80% confluence, the medium was centrifuged at 2,000 × g for 15 min at 4°C and then filtered with a 0.2 mm filter. Subsequently, the filtered medium was ultracentrifuged at 10,000 × g at 4°C. To remove the supernatant, it was ultracentrifuged at 100,000 × g for 20 min. After washing using the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; P1022, Solarbio, Beijing, China), the exosomes derived from the human UCMSCs were stored at -80°C. The identification of exosomes was performed by measuring the surface marker using western blotting [33 (link)].
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3

Quantifying ZIKV Entry in U87MG Cells

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U87MG cells were seeded in 24-well-plate at a density of 0.05−0.1 million per well and incubated with ZIKV at MOI = 1 for 4 h at 37 °C. The supernatant was then removed and the cells were washed three times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Solarbio, P1022). Total RNA was extracted followed by qRT-qPCR to measure viral entry.
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4

Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection

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The Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) Apoptosis Detection Kit (C1062M; Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology) was employed for the detection of cell apoptosis according to the instructions of manufacturers. In brief, SW480 and LOVO cells (1×104) were harvested and washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; P1022; Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) after relevant sevoflurane treatment and transfection. Then 5 µl Annexin V-FITC and 5 µl PI were added to stain cells for 15 min at room temperature in the dark. Finally, the rate of apoptotic cells was examined via a FACScan® flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) within 1 h and analyzed with software FlowJo (7.6.1; FlowJo LLC). The apoptotic rate was calculated as the sum of the early apoptosis rate and the late apoptosis rate.
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5

Cell Sorting with BD FACS Aria

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The Influx or BD FACS Aria (FACAria Fusion SORP) cell sorter was set with a 100 μm tip/nozzle and multiple lasers (355, 488, 561, and 647 nm) in the collection mode. 0.4 X PBS was prepared as the sheath liquid by diluting 10 X PBS (Solarbio, P1022) with ultrapure water. The cells were sorted into 15 mL tubes at a flow rate of no more than 2. The number of sorted cells was set to meet the experimental requirements.
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6

Colorimetric Assay for HepG2 Cell Viability

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HepG2 Cells (2000 cells per well) were seeded in 35 mm plates and incubated at 37 °C [43 (link)]. After overnight incubation, cells were treated with 200 μM I3C for 12 h. After replacing the medium, cells were incubated for 10 days. Plates were rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, P1022, Solarbio, Beijing, China) and 2 mL of fixation reagent methanol was added for 15 min. Next, the cells were washed with PBS again and stained with 0.1% crystal violet (G1063, Solarbio, Beijing, China) for 10 min at room temperature. Plates were imaged using a digital camera (D7500, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).
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7

Extraction of Genomic DNA from Cells

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Cells were collected by centrifugation at 4°C for 3 min at 300 ×g, washed with 1× PBS (P1022, Solarbio), and resuspend with 600 μl Lysis Buffer (10 mM Tris–HCl, pH 8.0; 10 mM EDTA, pH 8.0; 10 mM NaCl; 0.5% SDS; 50 ng/μl RNase A (R6513, Sigma); 1 μg/μl Proteinase K (3115852001, Roche)). The suspension was incubated at 55°C for 40–60 min with interval mixing. gDNA was extracted by phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (P3803, Sigma) extraction and ethanol precipitation, and stored at −80°C.
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8

Exosome Morphology Analysis by TEM

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Exosome pellets were suspended in PBS (P1022; Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd.) and then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (E672002; Shanghai Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd.) overnight at 4°C and 4% glutaraldehyde (A600875; Shanghai Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd.) for 30 min at 4°C in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and maintained overnight at 4°C until the TEM assay. The exosomes were placed on a 400-mesh carbon-coated copper grid and stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid solution (pH 7.0; G1599; Solarbio) for 2 min at room temperature. The morphologies of the samples were examined with a JEM-1200EX transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Ltd.) at the magnification of ×50,000.
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9

Adhesion Assay for Monocyte-Endothelial Interaction

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One day prior to the adhesion assay, 1 mL of HUVECs was seeded into 12-well plates at a density of 5 × 105 cells/mL and cultured in 5% CO2 at 37 °C until the cells reached 90% confluence. In the meantime, 1 mL of THP-1 cells (1 × 106 cells/mL) was stained with 1 μL of the fluorescent probe BCECF-AM (5 mM) (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) in the dark for 30 min. Then, the cells were washed twice using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.4, P1022, Solarbio). After being resuspended, 1 mL (5 × 105 cells/mL) of the stained THP-1 cells was added to the monolayer formed by the HUVECs. After the cells were incubated at 37 °C for 60 min, the nonadherent cells were washed away using PBS. Under an inverted fluorescence microscope, five fields per well were randomly selected and photographed at 100 × magnification to calculate the number of adherent THP-1 cells. Image-Pro Plus (v 6.0) software was used for image analysis.
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10

Orientin's Effects on RA-FLS Inflammation

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Orientin was brought from Med Chem Express (HY-N0405; MCE, USA) and was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; D8371; Solarbio, China). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; HY-P7058; MCE) was dissolved in phosphate buffer saline (PBS; P1022; Solarbio). The solution was administered at 24 h after seeding of human RA-FLS. The cells were divided in nine groups: control (untreated group), orientin (5 μM) group, orientin (10 μM) group, orientin (30 μM) group, orientin (60 μM) group, TNF-α group, TNF-α + orientin (10 μM) group, TNF-α + orientin (30 μM) group, and TNF-α + (60 μM) group.
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