Horse heart cyt c

The following reagents were used: horse heart Cyt c (C7752, Sigma-Aldrich), EDC (E6383, Sigma-Aldrich), NHS (130672, Sigma-Aldrich), 2-(N-morpholino)ethane sulfonic acid hydrate, 4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid (M8250, Sigma-Aldrich), l-ascorbic acid (A92902, Sigma-Aldrich), μ-plate 24-well black ibiTreat surface (IB-82426, Thistle Scientific), Hoechst 33342 (NucBlue Live ReadyProbes Reagent, R37605, Thermo Fisher Scientific), actin using Phalloidin–iFluor 488 conjugate (23115, AAT Bioquest, Stratech), PrestoBlue HS cell viability reagent (P50200, Invitrogen), calcein AM (C1430, Thermo Fisher Scientific), propidium iodide (P4170, Sigma-Aldrich), H2DCFDA (D399, Invitrogen), CellEvent Caspase-3/7 Green Flow Cytometry Assay Kit (C10427, Invitrogen), Zombie NIR Fixable Viability Kit (423105, BioLegend), CellEvent Caspase-3/7 Green ReadyProbes Reagent (R37111, Invitrogen), CellLight Late Endosomes-GFP, BacMam 2.0 (C10588, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and LysoTracker Green DND-26 (L7526, Thermo Fisher Scientific). A catalogue number is not available for the carboxylic-PEG-coated GNPs or Z as they were customized and purchased from Nanopartz and Porphychem, respectively.

NADPH, NADH, dithionite, and horse heart cyt c were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). YC-17 was extracted from Streptomyces venezuelans ATC 15439 ΔpikC and mevastatin sodium was prepared by saponification with 0.1 M NaOH in 96% ethanol-water at 50 °C^{38 (link),39 (link)}. The obtained compounds were verified by LC-MS. All antibiotics were obtained from SolarBio (Beijing, China). DNA polymerase restriction endonucleases were purchased from TaKaRa (Dalian, China). ClonExpress II One Step Cloning Kit were bought from Vazyme (Nanjing, China). The kits for plasmid extraction and DNA purification were purchased from Omega Bio-Tek (Jinan, China). Mutants of Fdxs were synthesized by BGI Genomics Co., Ltd. and the corresponding mutation sites were shown in Table 2. His-tagged protein purification was performed by using Ni-NTA resin (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China). Amicon Ultra centrifugal filters and PD-10 desalting columns were obtained from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA) and GE Healthcare (Piscataway, NJ, USA), respectively. Oligonucleotides synthesis and DNA sequencing were conducted by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China).

Horse heart cyt c, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone (Q₀), mercaptoundecanoic acid,
and mercaptoundecanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Milli-Q water
(Millipore, MA) was used in all preparations and procedures. Planar
disc 2 mm Ag electrodes were purchased from CH Instruments, Austin,
TX. Reference electrodes, counter electrodes, and potentiostats were
purchased from Metrohm Autolab BV, Utrecht, Netherlands. A high-power
multiarray LED (870-66-60) centered at 870 nm was purchased from Roither-Lasertechnik
GmbH, Wien, Austria.