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14 protocols using olive oil

1

Pork Loin Cubes Processing

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Fresh pork center loin muscles (pH 5.6–5.9) were purchased from a local market (24–48 h post-mortem). The meat was transported on ice to the university’s processing facility. Visible external fat and connective tissue were trimmed. The remaining meat was diced into approximately 1 × 1 × 1 cm3 cubes, and then, samples were placed in plastic vacuum package bags, evacuated, and stored at −70 °C until further use.
Olive oil was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Egg-white protein isolate (EPI) was supplied by Qianyu Co. (Zhejiang, China). Soy protein isolate (SPI) was obtained from Gushen Chemical Co. (Shandong, China).
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2

Cryoprotectant Storage and Formulation

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CRL (Type VII) was gained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA) and stored at 0–4°C [22 ]. Trehalose, DMF, gum arabic, and olive-oil were available from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. All other chemicals were analytical-regent-grade.
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3

Topical DNCB-Induced Dermatitis Model

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1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB), acetone, olive oil, and chloral hydrate were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, absolute ethanol, 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA), xylene, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and hematoxylin and eosin were purchased from Wuhan Goodbio Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Prednisone acetate tablets were obtained from Anhui Jintaiyang Pharma (Anhui, China). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Co. (Nanjing, China). Fructus Kochiae was purchased from Anhui Xiehecheng Co., Ltd. (Hehui, China), the place of origin was Henan, and batch code was 15112601. Chromatographically pure acetonitrile was purchased from Tedia (USA). Rutin, batch no. 3920, purity 99.3%, and quercetin, no. 33467, purity 98.6%, were obtained from Shanghai Shidan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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4

Evaluation of LWWL and Colchicine in CCl4 Model

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LWWL was purchased from the Shandong Shibojindu Pharmaceutical Company (batch Nos. 150,709, 150,805, 150,804, and 150,812). Colchicine was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Olive oil was purchased from Sinopharm (China). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was purchased from Beihua.
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5

Penicillium sp. Y Spore Preparation and Solid Fermentation

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Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), DNA and protein Marker, 2 × Loading Buffer, SDS-PAGE gel preparation kit, TRIzol Lysate, M-MuLV First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit, and 2 × SG Fast qPCR Master Mix were purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai); glucose, peptone, ammonium sulfate, olive oil and other chemical reagents were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent.
Wild type Penicillium sp. Y, was harvested from the soils as described previously18 . The strain was stored at Changzhou University and revived and grown on slant media for further study. The spores of Penicillium sp. Y, were prepared by washing a 5-day incubation on plate agar with 0.85% sterilized NaCl solution. The spores were added to the sterilized solid fermentation medium to reach a final concentration of 106 (link) spores per gram of dry solid matter.
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6

Inducing Liver Cirrhosis and Carcinogenesis

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A tetrachloromethane (CCl4)-induced model of cirrhosis was constructed by i.p. injection of 20% CCl4 in olive oil (5 ml/kg, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent, China) into mice at 8 weeks of age for an 8-week period twice weekly. Vehicle control mice were i.p. injected with matching volumes of olive oil following the same regimen.
The short-term DEN-induced model of liver inflammation was constructed by a single i.p. injection of DEN in physiological saline (100 mg/kg) into mice at eight to 12 weeks of age. All mice were sacrificed after 10 days on a standard chow diet. TNF treatment was performed through two i.p. injections of TNF (40 μg/kg) 6 h prior to sacrifice. For in vivo experiments, recombinant murine CCL28 (R&D Systems) or the Akt inhibitor A6730 was i.p. injected (both 50 mg/kg) 6 h prior to sacrifice. Murine CCL28 is a natural ligand-agonist for murine CCR10 14 (link). Vehicle control mice were i.p. injected with matching volumes of physiological saline following the same regimen.
The long-term diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced model of inflammation-driven hepatocarcinogenesis was constructed by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of DEN in physiological saline (15 mg/kg) into mice at 15 days of age. All mice were sacrificed after 9 months on a standard chow diet. After sacrifice, all surface liver tumor nodules were counted and measured via a caliper.
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7

Recombinant NQO1 Protein Purification

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Human NQO1 recombinant protein was obtained from Synpeptide Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Aristolochic acid I (AAI, A5512), mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and N-(4-maleimide butyryloxide) succinimide (GMBS) were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Silica gel was obtained from Qingdao Meigao Chemical Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China). Skullcapflavone II (SFII) was bought from Shanghai Huizhou Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (HZ-HQXI98-50, Shanghai, China). Dicoumarol was obtained from Selleck Chemicals (S4299, Houston, TX, USA). Oroxylin A (B20958), wogonin (B20489), and tectochrysin (B21459) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from WAK-Chemie (WAK-DMSO-70, Berlin, Germany). CCl4, olive oil, and NaHCO3 were bought from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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8

Fungal Lipase Production and Characterization

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Strains and chemicals A. niger GZUF36 was isolated in our laboratory and deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) under the CCTCC Preservation No. M2012538. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and tertbutanol were purchased from Tianjin Kemiou Chemical Reagent Co. (Tianjin, China). GA (50%) and oleic acid were purchased from Chengdu Jinshan Chemical Reagent Co. (Chengdu, Sichuan, China). Anhydrous ethanol was purchased from Tianjin Fuyu Fine Chemical Reagent Co. (Tianjin, China). Acetone was purchased from Chuandong Chemical Group Co. (Chongqing, China). TLC-grade porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL, 1000 U/g), triolein, 1,3-diglycedide, and 1,2-diglycedide were procured from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (USA). Olive oil was acquired from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). All other chemical reagents were of analytical grade and commercially available.
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9

Induction of Atopic Dermatitis-like Symptoms in Mice

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Female C57BL/6 mice (SPF grade) aged 6 weeks were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (Beijing, China). Mice were fed under a facility with a controlled light cycle (12 h light/12 h dark), temperature (20–26°C), and humidity level (40–50%). Standard chow and water were available ad libitum during the experiment. After 1 week of adaption, AD-like symptoms were induced referring to our previous article.19 (link) Briefly, oral administration of B. longum CCFM1029 or sterile saline for 1 week, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was mixed with a substrate solution (acetone:olive oil = 4:1, v/v, Sinopharm, Shanghai, China) to make the sensitizing solution (0.5% and 0.2%). On day 15, 0.5% DNFB solution was painted on the shaved dorsal skin and left ear in mice. Then, 0.2% DNFB solution was painted in the same places to induce AD-like symptoms on days 19, 22, 25, and 28. The experimental flow chart was shown in Figure 6.

Experimental flow chart. HE: hematoxylin-eosin; KYN: Kynurenine.

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10

Establishing Liver Fibrosis Mouse Model

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A total of 12 male C57BL/6J mice (age, 8 weeks; weight, 20–22 g; Experimental Animal Center of Zhengzhou University) were used to establish a liver fibrosis mouse model. The mice were housed in a temperature (23±3°C) and humidity (40–70%) controlled environment with 12-h light/dark cycles, and free access to food and water. Animal health and behavior were assessed every 24 h. Mice were divided into the following two groups: i) Sham (n=6); and ii) CCl4 (n=6). Mice in the CCl4 group were intraperitoneally injected with 7 ml/kg CCl4 (diluted 1:9 in olive oil; Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.; cat. no. XW00562352) twice a week for six weeks. Mice in the sham group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of olive oil twice a week for six weeks. At the end of the six weeks, mice were sacrificed and the liver tissues were isolated for subsequent experiments. The animal experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (approval no. 2020-KY-047).
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