The collected leaves were lyophilized and ground with a mortar and pestle in liquid nitrogen to which the extraction buffer (methanol:water:formic acid, 60:39.9:0.1) at a ratio of 1:10 was added, and left to stir in the dark for 2 h. After centrifugation at a maximum speed (5000×
g), the resulting solutions were filtered into glass vials using a 0.2 µm polytetrafluoroethylene (PFTE) membrane and analyzed as described below. Three replicates for each harvested sample (n = 5, BN-positive, and BN-negative plants, respectively) were carried out.
The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the spectrophotometric Folin–Ciocalteau method [55 ] and the data were expressed as mg of caffeic acid equivalent (CAE)·g
−1 DW.
The total flavonoid content (TFC) and amount of proanthocyanidins (PAs) were evaluated as reported by [56 ] and the absorbance was read with a JASCO
V-550 UV/VIS spectrophotometer. The TFC amount was calculated by determining the absorbance at 280 and 540 nm and reported as mg of catechin equivalent (CE)·g
−1 DW. The proanthocyanidin (PA) quantification was measured before and after hydrolysis into cyanidins (HCl 12 N with 300 mg·L
−1 of FeSO
4x7H
2O for 50 min in a thermostatic bath at 100 °C at reflux). The results were expressed as mg·g
−1 DW.
Negro C., Sabella E., Nicolì F., Pierro R., Materazzi A., Panattoni A., Aprile A., Nutricati E., Vergine M., Miceli A., De Bellis L, & Luvisi A. (2020). Biochemical Changes in Leaves of Vitis vinifera cv. Sangiovese Infected by Bois Noir Phytoplasma. Pathogens, 9(4), 269.