VMR was evoked by repeated colorectal distention (CRD) in lightly anesthetized rats, as described previously [20 (link)]. Firstly, anesthesia was induced by 4% isoflurane and maintained with 2% isoflurane for surgical procedures. A flexible latex balloon (3 cm long, 1.5 cm max diameter) was lubricated and inserted into the distal colon lumen via the anus (the tip of the balloon was 1 cm from the anus), and two electrodes made of Teflon-coated platinum wires were inserted into the external abdominal oblique muscle. After surgery, the anesthesia level was decreased to 1% isoflurane for electromyography (EMG) recording. The balloon was inflated by phasic distension (40, 60, and 80 mmHg, each lasting for 20 s) with a 5 min interval. The EMG signals were amplified (×5000), filtered (30~1000 Hz) by NL900D (Neurolog, Digitimer, America), then transmitted into PowerLab 8/35 (AD Instruments, Australia) and analyzed off-line by LabChart 7.1 software. The EMG reflex responding to each CRD stimulus was repeated 3 times and the outcomes were averaged. After all behavior tests were finished, rats were euthanized and the distal colon was removed for histopathological test to confirm the development of colitis.
Nl900d
Manufactured by Digitimer
Sourced in United Kingdom
The NL900D is a laboratory instrument designed for measuring and recording physiological signals. It features multiple input channels and provides high-precision data acquisition capabilities.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
4 protocols using nl900d
1
Visceromotor Reflex Evaluation in Rat Colitis
2
Isolation and Extracellular Recording of Sinoatrial Node
3
Pseudomonopolar EMG Electrode Placement
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For electromyographic (EMG) measurements, a pseudomonopolar electrode placement protocol was used where one surface electrode of a pair (Unilect, Ag/AgCl, Unomedical Ltd., Redditch, UK) was placed on the right SOL and the other over a bony surface of the tibia. A ground electrode was placed over the lateral malleolus (Hoffman et al., 2009) . The pseudomonopolar setup allowed MEPs of higher amplitude to be recorded, which in turn also decreased the intensity of the stimulus needed to evoke a detectable MEP. Prior to electrode placement, the skin was shaved, abraded and cleaned with alcohol to reduce resistance below 5 k . EMG signals were amplified (100×), band-pass filtered (10-1000 Hz) and sampled at 5 kHz (Neural Systems NL 900D and NL 844, Digitimer Ltd., Hertfordshire, UK). EMG data and reaction forces from the pedal were collected with a computer via 16-bit AD converter (CED power 1401, Cambridge Electronics Design Limited, UK) and stored for later analysis.
4
Extracellular Electrophysiology of SAN
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EGM data from rabbits (n = 9) (Yaniv et al., 2014 (link)) and mice (n = 30) in basal state as well as data from mouse SAN tissues that were exposed to phosphodiesterase inhibition (using 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; IBMX) (n = 6) were used (Yaniv et al., 2016 (link)). All animal training and validation data used in the present paper were obtained from published studies for which the respective animal protocols and experimental procedures were approved by the local research committee. Rabbit and mouse SAN were fixed in a heated bath (36 ± 0.5°C) and superfused with Tyrode’s solution (see Materials in Yaniv et al., 2014 (link)) at a rate of 4 ml/min. An insulated Teflon-coated platinum electrode with a 0.25 (rabbit)- or 0.15 (mouse)-mm diameter tip was placed at the center of the SAN to record extracellular signals using a Neurolog system NL900D (Digitimer, Hertforsdire, United Kingdom), which were recorded at 10 kHz.
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