Cobalt protoporphyrin 9

All procedures were performed in accordance with the International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals. MPP⁺, recombinant α-synuclein, cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPPIX), zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), deferoxamine (DFO), methylene blue (MB) and primary antibodies against microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and GFAP were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Primary HO-1 antibody was purchased from Stressgen Bioreagents (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Primary mitochondria ferritin (MtFt) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Primary cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COX4) was purchased from Takara Biomedical Technology (Beijing, China). Rhodamine 123 was purchased from Invitrogen (Madrid, Spain). Caspase-3 Kit was from BD Biosciences, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM)/F12, B27 and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). All other chemicals and reagents were of the highest grade available and were obtained from local commercial sources.

Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and other tissue culture reagents were purchased from Gibco BRL Co. (Grand Island, NY, USA). Tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP IX; HO inhibitor) was obtained from Porphyrin Products (Logan, UT, USA). Cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP induces HO-1 expression), Trolox, and all other chemicals were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Primary antibodies, including HO-1, COX-2, iNOS, p65, p50, p-IκBα, IκBα, and Nrf2, and secondary antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Heidelberg, Germany). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for PGE₂, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were purchased from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Hemin and cobalt protoporphyrin ix were obtained from Persian Sigma‐Aldrich (Carlsbad, USA). Resomer PLGA 502 H with molecular weight between 7000 and 17 000 was obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich (Carlsbad, USA). Maleimide‐PEG‐amine (MW 2000) was purchased from Jenkem (Tianjin, China). Sulfo‐NHS and EDC were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (Carlsbad, USA). The PBP peptide (CKGGRAKDC) was synthesized by Peptron (Daejeon, Korea).