HRTEM and TEM images of CDs
were obtained with a JEOL-2100F microscope operated at 200 kV. FTIR
spectrum was measured by a Nicolet 6700 infrared detector (Thermo
Fisher Scientific). The fluorescence spectrum was recorded on a HITACHI
F-7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer. UV–vis optical absorption
spectrum was taken with a Shimadzu UV-2550 UV–vis spectrophotometer.
The QY of the CDs was measured by a fluorescence spectrophotometer
and UV–vis spectrophotometer. Photographs were taken with a
mobile phone. XPS study was performed on a Kratos Amicus spectrometer
equipped with conical anode Mg Kα radiation. Peak positions
were internally referenced to the C 1s peak at 284.6 eV. The production
yield of the CDs was measured with the help of weighting bottles (25
mm × 25 mm) and a Biocool FD-1A-50 freeze dryer.
were obtained with a JEOL-2100F microscope operated at 200 kV. FTIR
spectrum was measured by a Nicolet 6700 infrared detector (Thermo
Fisher Scientific). The fluorescence spectrum was recorded on a HITACHI
F-7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer. UV–vis optical absorption
spectrum was taken with a Shimadzu UV-2550 UV–vis spectrophotometer.
The QY of the CDs was measured by a fluorescence spectrophotometer
and UV–vis spectrophotometer. Photographs were taken with a
mobile phone. XPS study was performed on a Kratos Amicus spectrometer
equipped with conical anode Mg Kα radiation. Peak positions
were internally referenced to the C 1s peak at 284.6 eV. The production
yield of the CDs was measured with the help of weighting bottles (25
mm × 25 mm) and a Biocool FD-1A-50 freeze dryer.