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4 protocols using total erk

1

Immunoblotting Analysis of Neural Proteins

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Immunoblotting was carried out as previously reported.4 (link) Brains, optic nerves and cultured oligodendrocytes were freshly isolated, and then homogenized. Samples were separated on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE and subsequently transferred to an Immobilon-P filter (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Membranes were incubated with an antibody against Dock3 (1 : 1000), Neu-N (1 : 1000, Millipore), NG2 (1 : 500, Millipore), GFAP (1 : 500, Santa Cruz), CNPase (1 : 1000, Sigma), Elmo, total Erk, phosphorylated Erk, total p38, phosphorylated p38, total JNK, phosphorylated JNK or actin (1 : 1000; BD Biosciences).
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2

Investigating Platelet Signaling Pathways

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Gel-purified platelets were incubated with 10 nmol/L 12(S)-HETE in the presence of 1 and 3 μM GPR310 or with 30 μM SFLLRN in a platelet aggregometer at 37 °C for various times. Platelets were solubilized in SDS-PAGE sample buffer.12 (link) In other experiments, gel-purified platelets were incubated with 3 nmol/L thrombin in the presence or absence of 1 μM GPR310. Equal amounts of protein were resolved by 10% SDS-PAGE gel for Western analysis. The primary antibodies used were human phospho-p38 (Thr180/Tyr182; Cell Signaling; No. 4631), total p38 (Cell Signaling; No. 9212), phospho-Akt (Ser473; Cell Signaling; No. 4058S), total-Akt (No. 9272), phospho-Erk (Thr202/Tyr204; Cell Signaling; No. 4370), total-Erk (No. 9102S), and actin (Sigma Aldrich; No. A1978).
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Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Proteins

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ASM cells were lysed and the proteins (10–12 µg) were resolved on a 10–12% SDS-PAGE, then transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes (Bio-Rad, USA) as previously described31 . Antibodies used were sm-α-actin (1:3000), β-actin (1:15000), α2-chain laminin (1:500), Hras (1:200), Kras (1:300), Nras (1:500) (all from Sigma, USA); phospho-ERK, total ERK, phospho-p38 MAPK, total p38 MAPK, p21 Ras, phospho-PKCα, total PKCα, phospho-PKCς, total PKCς, phospho-p70S6K, total p70S6K, cyclin D1 (all 1:1000) (all from Cell Signaling, USA); and integrin α7 (1:500) (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). Proteins were visualized on Kodak film after incubation with enhanced chemiluminescence reagents, then exposure levels were quantified by TotalLab (UK) densitometry software. Results were expressed as fold increment over Day 0 relative to β-actin.
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Immunoblotting and Immunohistochemistry of Cellular Proteins

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The level of protein expression in cultured cells was determined by immunoblotting as previously described [17 (link),18 (link)] using primary antibodies against MMP-9 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), p53, phospho-ERK1/2, total ERK, and β-actin (all Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Protein expression in xenografted tumors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Tumor tissues were fixed immediately after harvesting in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and tissue sections were stained with the antibodies indicated above.
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