Zoletil 100 vet

All surgical interventions were carried out under general anaesthesia, including an intra‐muscular injection of dexmedetomidine (25–35 μg/kg i.m.; Dexdomitor; Orion Pharma Animal Health) and tiletamine‐zolazepam (50–70 mg/kg i.m.; Zoletil 100 Vet, Virbac) and maintained with intravenous infusion until effect with propofol (PropoVet multidose, Orion Pharma Animal Health) and Fentanyl (Fentanyl B. Braun). Carprofen (4 mg/kg, s.i.d., i.m., Rimadyl vet., Orion Pharma Animal Health) was given as a preemptive dose for up to 4 days with buprenorphine (0.03 mg/kg, i.m., Vetergesic vet, Orion Pharma Animal Health). Local anaesthesia was provided intra‐operatively via infiltrative injection with 1.8 ml of xylocaine (Xylocaine, Dental adrenalin, 20 mg/ml, and 12.5 μg/ml; Astra AB) per hemi‐mandible. Antibiotic prophylaxis was administered using bensylpenicillinprokain‐dihydrostreptomycin (25 mg/kg + 20 mg/kg, s.i.d, i.m.; Streptocillin vet., Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica). During anaesthesia, the animals were intubated and breathing was withheld by a ventilator. Vital parameters were monitored continuously (pulse oximetry, rectal temperature, blood pressure, CO₂). All anaesthetics, analgesics, and other medications were administered in doses and intervals following standard veterinary practice and according to the study objectives.