j–V–L characteristics were recorded using a source-measurement unit (2400 SourceMeter, Keithley Instruments) and a calibrated silicon photodiode. Angle-resolved EL spectra were acquired in steps of 1° using a custom-built automated goniometer setup equipped with a fiber-coupled spectrometer (Maya LSL, OceanOptics) operating the OLEDs in constant current mode. Efficiencies were calculated by both assuming a Lambertian emission profile and by taking the measured angular emission profiles into account. Variations in device performance in air or aqueous environments were measured by monitoring the relative luminance and current over time at a specific voltage using a source-measurement unit (2450 SourceMeter, Keithley Instruments) and a silicon photodetector (PDA100A2, ThorLabs). Operational lifetime was measured under constant current operation (M6000, McScience). For bending tests, devices were repeatedly flexed around fixed circular metal rods of different radii. A removable custom-built supporting frame was used for some of the electrical characterization to avoid damage to contact pads (Supplementary Fig. 13 ).
2450 sourcemeter
Manufactured by Tektronix
Sourced in United States
The 2450 SourceMeter is a highly versatile and precise lab equipment designed for a wide range of electronic measurement and sourcing applications. It functions as a source and measure unit, capable of sourcing and measuring voltage, current, and resistance with high accuracy and resolution.
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Lab products found in correlation
2 protocols using 2450 sourcemeter
1
Angle-Resolved Characterization of OLED Devices
2
Characterization of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
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Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images were taken with a VK-9000 (Keyence, Neu-Isenburg, Germany) with a nominal magnification of 2000×. All scale bars have dimensions of 10 µm.
Current-voltage (I-U) curves were measured with a source meter unit 2450 SourceMeter (Keithley Instruments, Solon, OH, USA) in the voltage range from 0.5 to 0 V. A halogen lamp with a color temperature of 3000 K was used for these investigations. The light intensity was measured by a solarimeter KIMO SL-200 and set to 1000 W/m2 on the DSSC surface.
The spectral analysis and parameter identification of the linearized DSSC model was performed as described in detail in Ref. [51 ].
Three DSSCs are prepared with each type of counter electrodes and their current-voltage (I-U) characteristics were averaged.
Current-voltage (I-U) curves were measured with a source meter unit 2450 SourceMeter (Keithley Instruments, Solon, OH, USA) in the voltage range from 0.5 to 0 V. A halogen lamp with a color temperature of 3000 K was used for these investigations. The light intensity was measured by a solarimeter KIMO SL-200 and set to 1000 W/m2 on the DSSC surface.
The spectral analysis and parameter identification of the linearized DSSC model was performed as described in detail in Ref. [51 ].
Three DSSCs are prepared with each type of counter electrodes and their current-voltage (I-U) characteristics were averaged.
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