Lsm 710 fixed stage upright microscope

¹H NMR spectra was recorded at 300 MHz on a Bruker ARX 300 spectrometer (Ettlingen, Germany). Infrared spectra (4,000 to 400 cm^-1) were recorded on Bruker Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer in KBr pellets. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns were recorded on an X'Pert diffractometer (PANalytical B.V., Almelo, The Netherlands) with CuKα radiation (λ = 1.54060 Å) at 45 kV and 40 mA. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed with a ESCALB MK-II (Physical Electronics Instruments, Chanhassen, MN, USA). The source was the monochromatic MgKα radiation. The surface charge of the nanovehicles was investigated on Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS 90 zeta potential analyzer (Westborough, MA, USA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on a JEOL-2100 with an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. TEM samples were prepared by drop-casting dispersion onto copper grids covered by carbon film. Ultrathin sections for bio-TEM were cut with a diamond knife on a Leica Ultracut R ultramicrotome. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed on a JEOL-S-3400 N II. Magnetic property measurements were performed using a Quantum Design MPMS XL-7 superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID; Olomouc, Czech Republic). Confocal images were acquired using a Zeiss confocal laser scanning unit mounted on an LSM 710 fixed-stage upright microscope.

Microscale thermophoresis analysis was performed with a Monolith NT.115 (Germany). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) (4000–400 cm⁻¹) was performed on a Bruker FT-IR spectrometer (Germany) using KBr pellets with a resolution of 2.0 cm⁻¹. ¹H-NMR spectra were obtained using Bruker Avance-300 and Bruker Avance-500 instruments (Germany) calibrated to DMSO-d6 as the internal reference. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on a JEOL 2100 (Japan) with an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. TEM samples were prepared by drop-casting dispersion in ethanol solution onto copper grids covered by carbon film and dried at ambient temperature. Size distribution and surface charge of the nanocarrier were investigated on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS 90 zeta potential analyzer (UK). The determination of sulfur content was performed with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Optima 5300DV, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). Confocal images were acquired using a Zeiss confocal laser scanning unit mounted on an LSM 710 fixed-stage upright microscope (Germany). Flow cytometry experiments were performed with a BD FACSAria apparatus (USA).