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5 protocols using kapa hifi uracil readymix

1

Whole-Genome and Methylome Sequencing

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For whole-genome sequencing (WGS), about 1 μg genomic DNA was fragmented to 400 bp using a Covaris E210 sonicator (Covaris Inc., MA, USA). Fragmented DNA was end-repaired and dA-tailed, and ligated to Illumina TruSeq adapter using KAPA Hyper Prep Kit (KAPA Biosystems, USA). The adapter-ligated DNA was amplified by using 2× KAPA HiFi Hotstart Readymix (KAPA Biosystems, USA) to produce the sequencing library. To evaluate the accuracy of our SNV calling, targeted enrichment of whole exome regions was performed using AIExome Enrichment Kit V2 (iGeneTech, Beijing, China) to generate whole exome library, and then the library was sequenced for 150 bp paired-end reads using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencer with average depth of 389×.
For MethylC-seq, about 1 μg genomic DNA was fragmented to 400 bp using a Covaris E210 sonicator (Covaris Inc., MA, USA). Fragmented DNA was end-repaired and dA-tailed, and ligated with Illumina TruSeq adapter (all Cs methylated) using KAPA Hyper Prep Kit (KAPA Biosystems, USA). The adapter-ligated DNA was bisulfite-treated using EpiTect Fast DNA Bisulfite Kit (Qiagen, Germany), and then amplified by using 2× KAPA HiFi Uracil+ Readymix (KAPA Biosystems, USA) to produce the sequencing library. Both WGS and MethylC-seq libraries were sequenced for 150 bp paired-end reads using an Illumina Hiseq X Ten sequencer.
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2

Bisulfite Sequencing of Plasmid DNA

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Glycerol stocks (1 μL) were used to inoculate 5 mL lysogenic broth containing the standard supplements. Cultures were shaken at 250 rpm at 37 °C for 15 hours. From the overnight culture, 1 mL was transferred into a 500 mL shake flask containing 150 mL lysogenic broth with the standard supplements and shaken at 250 rpm at 37°C. The cultures were supplemented with 0.0175% w/v arabinose and 1mM IPTG at an optical density of 0.3, and shaken for 4 hours at 250 rpm at 37°C. A 5 mL aliquot of the culture was centrifuged, and plasmid DNA was extracted from the pelleted cells using the Plasmid Miniprep Kit. Preparation of the purified DNA for high-throughput bisulfite sequencing was as described [13 (link)]. Briefly, DNA was sheared to 300 bp (Diagenode Bioruptor Pico), then end repaired and methylated adaptors ligated using NEBNext Ultra (NEB). Bisulfite treatment was performed with EZ Methylation Lightning (Zymo) then amplified with Kapa Hifi Uracil+ ReadyMix from Kapa Biosystems and NEBNext Multiplex Oligos for Illumina (Methylated Adaptor) from NEB for 8 cycles. DNA concentration was determined using qPCR (Kapa Illumina Library Quantification Kit), and size distribution was confirmed using the High Sensitivity Bioanalyzer. Libraries were subsequently sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq using v3 chemistry. Data was deposited in SRA under Bioproject PRJNA503938.
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3

Bisulfite Conversion and Promoter Methylation Analysis

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The DNA was bisulfite converted and purified using the Zymo EZ DNA methylation kit Gold (Zymo, Irvine, CA) per the manufacturer's instructions. Two assays were optimized to amplify the defined promoter 1 region (Table 2; Supplemental Figure S1, http:// dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10331). The KAPA HiFi Uracil+ Ready Mix (KAPA Biosystems, Wilmington, MA) was used for amplification per the manufacturer's instructions. Annealing temperatures of 57.4 or 58.2°C were used for assay 1 and 2, respectively. Following Primer sequences and PCR efficiency of quantitative real-time-PCR assays targeting pyruvate carboxylase (White et al. 2011a ). The PC coding assay targets the coding region of pyruvate carboxylase and amplifies all variants of the gene. Three transcript specific assays were also utilized.
One of the promoter 1-regulated transcripts (5 UTR_F) was amplified with the UTR_F assay. The promoter 2-regulated transcript (5 UTR_D), was amplified with UTR_D assay. The promoter 3-regulated transcript (5 UTR_E), was amplified with the UTR_E assay. amplification, PCR products were sequenced by Sanger sequencing to confirm the correct product was generated and to detect variation in the methylation status.
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4

Bisulfite Sequencing Protocol for DNA Methylation

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1 μg of genomic DNA was bisulfite converted and cleaned up using the EpiTect Bisulfite Kit (Qiagen) according to manufacturer's protocol. Bisulfite converted DNA (7.5% of total per reaction) was then PCR amplified using KAPA HiFi Uracil+ Readymix (Roche) according to manufacturer's protocol. PCR products were purified with Ampure XP beads (Beckman Coulter), A-tailed with Amplitaq polymerase (Applied Biosystems), ligated into pGEM Easy T vector (Promega) and transformed into NEB Turbo competent cells (New England Biolabs) as described above. Amplicons were sequenced at the University of Pennsylvania Sanger Sequencing core using the T7 promoter/primer using an ABI 3730 (Applied Biosystems). Bisulfite analysis was carried out using BISMA software (40 (link)) and only sequences with >90% conversion rate were included in the analysis.
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5

Targeted Epigenetic Analysis of Nanog Promoter

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Genomic DNA was extracted using GenElute Mammalian Genomic DNA miniprep kit (Sigma Aldrich, G1N70-1KT). 500 ng purified genomic DNA was treated with sodium bisulfite to convert all unmethylated cytosine residues into uracil residues using Imprint DNA modification Kit (Sigma Aldrich, MOD50-1KT) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Nanog proximal promoter regions (Region 1 and 2 as indicated in Figure 5a) were amplified using a nested PCR approach with KAPA HiFi Uracil + Readymix (KapaBiosystems/Roche, Basel, Switzerland, KK2801). The PCR condition for both nested rounds of PCR is as follows: denaturation at 98°C for 5 min followed by 10 cycles of gradient PCR, 98°C for 15 s, 62°C (starting annealing temperature) for 15 s with annealing temperature reduced by 1°C per cycle and 72°C for 1.5 min. Followed by this, a 35 cycles of 98°C for 15 s, 58°C for 15 s and 72°C for 1.5 min were conducted. 2 µl first round PCR product was used as template for the nested PCR. All primer sequences are shown in Supplementary file 9. The PCR products were verified and purified by gel electrophoresis and subsequently subcloned by TOPO cloning. Reconstructed plasmids were purified and individual clones were sequenced (Eurofins).
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