According to the method of Arora et al. [31 (link)], the mineral composition of Juglans regia bark was investigated. Mineral elements (potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), and zinc (Zn)) were determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) (HORIBA Jobin Yvon). Thus, 0.1 mg of J. regia bark was digested with nitric acid and perchloric acid (25% : 75%) solution, before being incinerated at 110°C, then brought back dry until the mineralization was discolored on a sand bath. The residue was dissolved in 10 mL HCL (5%), and the contents were filtered through 0.45 μm porosity filters until a clear solution was obtained. The sample solution was made up to a final volume of 25 mL with distilled water and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ICP-AES) (HORIBA Jobin Yvon).
Icp aes
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The ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry) is a laboratory analytical technique used for the detection and quantification of trace elements in a wide variety of sample types. It measures the intensity of light emitted by elements at specific wavelengths to determine their concentrations.
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Lab products found in correlation
As500, by Horiba (2 mentions)
Activa s, by Horiba (1 mentions)
High performance liquid chromatography (hplc), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Xcalibur, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
800 dosino, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Icp ms, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Jy2000 ultrace, by Horiba (1 mentions)
Teklad global 18 protein rodent diet, by Inotiv (1 mentions)
Activa, by Horiba (1 mentions)
Tryple express, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Neubauer chamber, by Avantor (1 mentions)
18 protocols using icp aes
1
Mineral Composition of Juglans regia Bark
2
Heavy Metal Content Analysis in Plants
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The standardized mineralization methodology was used to determine the levels of heavy metals in plant material, including Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Antimony (Sb), and Titanium (Ti) [64 ]. The latter involves combining the crushed plant material (0.1 g) with 3 mL of aqua regia made of 1 mL of nitric acid HNO3 (99%) and 2 mL of hydrochloric acid HCl (37%), and then placing the mixture in a reflux assembly at 200 °C for 2 h after cooling and decantation. The supernatant was removed, filtered using a 0.45 μm membrane, and then diluted with distilled water to a volume of 15 mL. The UATRS (Technical Support Unit for Scientific Research) laboratory at CNRST in Rabat used the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer ICP-AES (Ultima 2 Jobin Yvon) to measure the amounts of heavy metals.
3
Placental Transfer of ZnO Nanoparticles
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To investigate the placenta transfer of ZnOSM20(−) NPs in vivo, four extra female rats were used in the control (n=2) and 400 mg/kg/day groups (ZnOSM20[−] NPs; n=2), respectively. Dosing occurred for the period of GDs 5–19 in the same manner as was used for the main study animals. On GD 20, fetuses were collected by caesarean sections from dams, and Zn contents in the fetal tissues were analyzed. Fetuses were digested in concentrated nitric acid overnight. The next day, nitric acid and perchloric acid were added to each sample and heated at 200°C–250°C until the solutions were colorless and clear. The concentrated sample solutions were put into a 100 mL volumetric flask, which was filled with purified water to the marked line. Before analysis, ICP-AES (HORIBA Ltd.) was calibrated every time by running at least six Zn standard concentrations (0.5 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, and 40 mg/L).
4
Adsorption of Lead (II) Ions
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Lead (II) nitrate (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was used for adsorption of heavy metal ions. To investigate the Pb (II) ion adsorption performance of the synthesized aluminum silicate, 2 g of Pb(NO3)2 and 1 L of distilled water were stirred to prepare a solution. The pH adjustment was determined to be 8 through a prior experiment and was adjusted using ammonia. An amount of 0.1 g each of aluminum silicate powder was added to 25 mL Pb (II) solution, and after 90 min of reaction, only 10 mL of the supernatant was separated by centrifugation for 30 min and analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer (ICP-AES, ACTIVA-S, JY HORIBA, Kyoto, Japan).
5
Quantification of FucoPol Hydrogels' Moisture and Iron
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The water content (%) of the FucoPol HMs was determined gravimetrically by freeze-drying the samples, using following the equation:
where Wdry (g) represents the dry mass of a pre-weighed amount of the HM (Wwet, g).
For the quantification of the HMs’ iron content, freeze-dried FucoPol HM samples (~5 mg) were hydrolyzed with nitric acid (5 mL HNO3 5% v/v) at 120 °C for 2 h. Hydrolyzed samples were filtered, and their iron content was determined via Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) (Horiba Jobin-Yvon, France, Ultima model) equipped with a 40.68 MHz RF generator, Czerny–Turner monochromator with 1.00 m (sequential), autosampler AS500 and Concomitant Metals Analyzer (CMA). Nitric acid solution (HNO3 5% v/v) was subjected to the same hydrolysis procedure and used as blank.
where Wdry (g) represents the dry mass of a pre-weighed amount of the HM (Wwet, g).
For the quantification of the HMs’ iron content, freeze-dried FucoPol HM samples (~5 mg) were hydrolyzed with nitric acid (5 mL HNO3 5% v/v) at 120 °C for 2 h. Hydrolyzed samples were filtered, and their iron content was determined via Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) (Horiba Jobin-Yvon, France, Ultima model) equipped with a 40.68 MHz RF generator, Czerny–Turner monochromator with 1.00 m (sequential), autosampler AS500 and Concomitant Metals Analyzer (CMA). Nitric acid solution (HNO3 5% v/v) was subjected to the same hydrolysis procedure and used as blank.
6
Characterization of Aqueous Geochemistry
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The measurement of pH in batch solutions was carried out with a Metler Toledo, SevenMulti pH meter using NIST 1.7, 4, 7, and 9 buffers. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES, Jobin Yvon) or mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used to measure B, As, Ca, K, Mg, Na, and Si concentrations. Chloride anions were analyzed by ionic chromatography (HPLC, Dionex). The elemental concentrations in solution were determined with a relative uncertainty of 3 %. Alkalinity was measured using a Titrando 905 and a Dosino 800 equipped with a 5 mL syringe (Metrohm) to inject the HCl solution (10 -3 mol L -1 ) in the sample. The alkalinity was then calculated with the Gran method (Gran, 1952) . As speciation was determined using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with an AFS-HG (Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry-hydride generation) called Xcalibur (Thermo Fisher) or by ICP. In the first case, the solution is analyzed straightaway (typically within 15 min), while in the second case, As(V) was separated from As(III) on resin (Biorad AG 1X8, 50-100 Mesh), and then As(V), As(III), and total As were analyzed to check the results consistency. The recovery percentage was 100 ± 5 %. Ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS) of Cr(VI) was done conforming to the ISO 11083 international standard with an ATI Unicam UV2 spectrophotometer.
7
Evaluating Gastric Zn Dissolution
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Rats were orally administered a single-dose of 100 mg/kg ZnO particles dispersed in 5% glucose. After 15 min, the gastric fluids in the stomach were collected and centrifuged at 16,000× g for 15 min at 4 °C to obtain the supernatants. The dissolved Zn contents from ZnO particles in the supernatants were analyzed using ICP-AES (JY2000 Ultrace, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, Longjumeau, France) after pre-digestion with HNO3 and H2O2 as described in “ICP-AES analysis”.
8
Zinc Dissolution in Milli-Q Water
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The dissolution of materials in Milli-Q water (from 5 ml stock, 10.4 mg Zn/l) after 24 h of incubation time in a dark thermostat chamber was evaluated by centrifugation, followed by chemical analysis of complex supernatant zinc using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES, Horiba Jobin-Yvon Activa-M, SZIE, Hungary) (Ma et al. 2014 ). Dissolution was assessed for pure 15, 140 nm, mixture, and with the addition of NAC with all the mentioned compounds. Zn particles held in a complex by NAC were also included in the measurement.
9
Plant Metal Bioaccumulation Analysis
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The washed root and shoot samples were dried at 70 °C for 24 h and grinded into fine powder. About 200 mg of powdered plant tissue was digested [24] . Total Cr, Cu and Zn content in the digest was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) (Jobin Yvon).
The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was calculated to estimate the metal uptake in different plant parts. It presents an index of the ability of a plant to accumulate a particular metal relative to its concentration in the medium [25] .
The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was calculated to estimate the metal uptake in different plant parts. It presents an index of the ability of a plant to accumulate a particular metal relative to its concentration in the medium [25] .
10
Growth and Characterization of α-YbAlB4 Crystals
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Single crystals of α-YbAlB4 were grown from Al flux. The stoichiometric ratio of Yb:4B was heated in excess Al in an alumina crucible under an Ar atmosphere as described elsewhere40 (link). Chemical compositions of single crystals were determined by a inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES, HORIBA JY138KH ULTRACE) at ISSP, and the analysis of both polymorphs are in good agreement with the ideal compositions of YbAlB4 within the error bars. We analyzed diffraction patterns to determine the crystal structure and lattice constant using the Rietveld analysis program PDXL (Rigaku) and found no impurity phase.
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