Diatomite

Diatomite was purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China)., and methyl cellulose was acquired from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). To remove organic impurities from the Diatomite, it underwent calcination at 450 °C for 2 h [26 (link)]. Methyl cellulose was dissolved in deionized water and stirred magnetically for 4 h to achieve a uniform, transparent solution. Then, calcined Diatomite powder was gradually added to the transparent solution and stirred for another 8 h to obtain a stable suspension. Methyl cellulose has a tendency to produce bubbles when dissolved in water. In order to eliminate bubbles in the suspension, it was put into the high-speed centrifugal defoaming planetary mixer, and the mixing and defoaming modes were run for 15 min at a speed of 2000 rpm, respectively. Finally, a uniform and stable paint stock solution was obtained. The paint, applied to the substrate using a brush, allows for precise control over the coating thickness by regulating the amount of paint used. The deposited coating underwent a 20 h curing process at room temperature. Alternatively, to expedite the curing process, the coating could also be placed in an oven at 40 °C and dried for 8 h. The hydrophobic coating is then obtained by spraying a hydrophobic agent (Glaco Mirror Coat Zero, Soft 99 Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) on the cured surface.

Fluopyram (97.5% purity) was purchased from Bayer (China) Co., Ltd. (Leverkusen, Germany). 1-Dodecanesulfonic acid sodium salt (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium lignosulfonate (SL, methoxy group: 5~7%, carbon: 45~47%), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC, hydroxylpropoxyl: 4~12%, methoxy: 19~24%, 100 mPa.s), sodium salt of polynaphthalene sulphonic acid (NNO), white carbon, diatomite, glucose, sucrose, mannitol, anhydrous d-trehalose, and sorbitol were obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Pluronic F127 was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Polycarboxylate (TERSPERSE 2700) was provided by Huntsman Technology Corporation (USA). Morwet D425 and Morwet EFW were provided by Nanjing Jierun Technology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). LC/MS-grade and HPLC-grade methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Ultrapure water was used in all experiments. Qiagen RLT Lysis solution was purchased from Beijing Huaxia Ocean Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).